WORLD LITERATURE SENIOR SEMESTER I STUDY GUIDE

1. WORLD LITERATURE SENIOR SEMESTER I STUDY GUIDE Chicago Military Academy – Bronzeville 3519 South Giles Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60653

2. Preparing for the test • Study the notes provided throughout the semester • Ask any questions you have during class before the test • Re-read the stories we have read as a class during the semester • Make sure you get enough sleep the night before the test • Bring at least 2 #2 pencils for the test

3. Common Linking Verb List(Predicate Nominative and Predicate Adjective) • Am • Is • Are • Was • Were • Has • Had • Have

4. Other possible linking verbs • Appear • Become • Feel • Grow • Look • Remain • Seem • Smell • Sound • Taste • turn

5. Some Conjunctive Adverbs(Kinds of Sentences) • Accordingly • Also • Besides • Consequently • Furthermore • However • Moreover • Nevertheless • Otherwise • Therefore • Still

6. Coordinating Conjunctions(Kinds of Sentences) • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

7. Commonly Used Prepositions(Preposition or Adverb) • About Above Across • After Against Along • Around At Before • Below Beside Between • Beyond But (except) By • Down During Except • For From In • Inside Into Like • Near Of On • Out Outside Over

8. Commonly Used Prepositions (continued) • Past Since Through • Throughout To Toward • Under Underneath Until • Up Upon Within • With/Without

9. Some Common Adverbs(Adjective or Adjective/Preposition?) • About Just Today • Almost Late Tomorrow • Already More Too • Also Never Well • Always Seldom Why • Around Still Yesterday • Fast Then Yet • Here There

10. Some Common Intensifiers • Exceptionally Quite • Really Rather • Extraordinarily Somewhat • Hardly Nearly • Least So • Less Truly • Most Very • Only

11. Personal Pronouns • I Me My Mine • We Us Our Ours • You You Your Yours • She Her Her Hers • He Him His His • It It Its Its • They Them Their Theirs

12. Relative Pronouns • Who • Whom • Which • Whoever • Whomever • That • Whose

13. Interrogative Pronouns • Who? • Whom? • Whose? • What? • Which? • How?

14. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • Myself • Yourself • Himself • Herself • Itself • Ourselves • Yourselves • Themselves

15. Clauses • A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and verb but may not express a complete thought • Dependent Clause (also called a subordinate clause) is a clause that has a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought. • Independent Clause (also called a main clause) is a clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

16. Kinds of Sentences • Simple – has one independent clause • Complex – has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses • Compound – has two or more independent clauses • Compound Complex – has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

17. Predicate Nominative(Linking Verb) • The predicate nominative follows the linking verb, yet it modifies the subject (noun or pronoun)

18. Direct and Indirect Objects(Action Verbs) • Direct Object – A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the action verb. It answers the question whom or what and it follows the action verb. • Indirect Object – A noun or pronoun that answers the questions To Whom, For Whom, To What, and For What and it follows the action verb.

19. ADJECTIVE • DEFINITION • A WORD THAT MODIFIES A NOUN OR A PRONOUN • THE ADJECTIVE ANSWERS ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: • WHICH ONE – THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE • WHAT KIND – HUGE, NEW, OLD, COURAGEOUS • HOW MANY – FEW, SEVERAL, BOTH, TEN, MOST • HOW MUCH – MORE, LESS, SUFFICIENT, PLENTIFUL

20. POSITIONS OF ADJECTIVES • Adjectives usually appear in front of the noun or pronoun they modify • Ex. The beautiful flowers were placed in ground.

21. Positions of Adjectives • Sometimes to show variety, a writer will put adjectives in other positions. • Regular position • The swift and powerful skier outdistanced his rivals • Irregular position #1 • The skier, swift and power, outdistanced his rivals. • Irregular position #2 • Swift and powerful, the skier outdistanced his rival.

22. Positions of Adjectives • Articles • The articles a, an, and the are also adjectives • The word the is called a definite article because it refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. • The words a and an are called indefinite articles because they refer to more general nouns.

23. Positions of Adjectives • Predicate Adjective • Follow the linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence • Some movies seem endless. • The old man’s teeth were yellowed and brittle.

24. ADVERBS • DEFINITION • A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb • The adverb answers the following questions: • Where – We moved the table outside. • When – The movies begins later. • How – The mob came unexpectedly. • To What Extent? – Everyone got very wet. ** Most words ending in –lyare adverbs.

25. ADVERBS • INTENSIFIERS are adverbs that modifies adjectives or other adverbs that add emphasis. • Ex. Too, very, extremely, truly, and really

26. ADVERBS • INTENSIFIERS are adverbs that modifies adjectives or other adverbs that add emphasis. • Ex. Too, very, extremely, truly, and really

27. Positions of Adverbs • The adverb usually follows the verb it modifies. • The bus arrivesthere tomorrow. • Sometimes, however, an adverb comes before the verb. • Frequently, the bus leaves on time. • Intensifiers or other adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs usually come directly before the word they modify. • Ours is a verycommon name.

28. ADJECTIVE or ADVERB • To determine if a word is an adjective or an adverb, `you must first determine which word it modifies. • If the word modifies a noun or pronoun, then it is an adjective. • If the word modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb then it is an adverb.

29. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhat shy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is only found in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

30. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • Somewhat modifies the predicate adjective shy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

31. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • Mysterious modifies the noun case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

32. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • Mysteriously is the adverb that modifies the verb disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

33. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • Early modifies the verb left. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

34. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment. • Early is an adjective that modifies the noun appointment. • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

35. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • Only is an Adverb that modifies the verb found. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

36. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • Here is an adverb that modifies the verb practices. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title.

37. Practice: Adjective or Adverb • 1. The new student seemed somewhatshy. • 2. It was an extremely mysterious case. • 3. The crown jewels mysteriously disappeared. • 4. The crowded bus left early. • 5. Donna had an early dentist appointment, • 6. This tree is onlyfound in the tropics. • 7. The soccer team practices here. • 8. Nine competitors vied for the title. • Nine is an adjective that modifies the noun competitors.

38. Qualities of An Epic Hero • Please study the qualities of an Epic Hero which is in the Literature book on page R 95-96.

39. REMEMBER! • Bring your Literature Circle books to class for 50 points regular credit. If you lost my book, buy another copy of the same book. • Bring at least 2 #2 pencils, get enough rest the night before, and eat a healthy breakfast . • Re-read and take notes on Gilgamesh and Heracles. Copies of the lit book is in the Media Center. • Semester Finals will be Thursday and Friday January 17th and 18th 2013.