The rise of Mass Democracy- 1824-1840

1. The rise of Mass Democracy- 1824-1840 Chapter 13

5. A. The Corrupt Bargain (1824) • Election of 1824 • J.Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford (don’t care) • Jackson won popular vote, not electoral- House • Adams/Clay deal- Sec. of State

6. B. Yankee Misfit in the White House • J. Q. Adams- like his dad • Minority presdent • NOT partisan- didn’t fire seated officials • Sectionalism a growing concern

7. Change in electorate • By mid-1820s most states dropped property qualifications for voting • -still had to be a white man • Pennsylvania 1790 – all men who paid taxes • Vermont 1791 – universal manhood suffrage • Kentucky 1792 • Tennessee – modest taxpaying qualification • Conn (1818), Mass (1821), NY (1821) abolished property requirements for voters • By 1828 pop vote in all but SC (1832)

9. C. Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828 • More organized parties • National Republicans- Adams • Democratic-Republicans- Jackson (Democrats) • Mudslinging & personal characteristics • Election of 1828 • Sectional • Jackson- South & West (agriculture)- new voters • Adams- North (manufacture)

12. I s’pose you’ve read it in the prints, how Packenham attempted To make old Hickory Jackson wince, but soon his schemes repented; For we with rifles ready cocked, thought such occasion lucky, And soon around the general flocked the hunters of Kentucky. 

16. Peggy Eaton Affair

18. D. “Old Hickory” as Pres. • Informal education • Frontier aristocrat • Jackson’s inaugural party • Fear of French Revolution

23. Trump on Obamacare •  It is A LIE! The president and his party are liars and they lie every time they tell people that the government will make people’s lives better. It is a complete lie just to shake down people for more money and accumulate more power for themselves. It is a scam. Total street hustler scam and Obamacare is the biggest of them all.

24. Jackson on Jay’s Treaty • “What an alarming situation has the late Negociation of Mr. Jay with Lord Greenvill…being ratified by the two third of the senate and president has plunged our country…it will end in civil war…have the secrecy removed from the archives of the Grand republic of the united States…”

26. E. The Spoils System • “to the victor go the spoils” • Jackson’s idea of office rotation • Loyalty to parties, candidates • Incompetence • Cemented 2-party system

28. Beginnings of 2nd Party System • Jacksonian Democrats vs Nat’l Republicans, then Whigs (why Whigs?)

30. F. The Tariff of Abominations • Tariff of 1816 • Northerners approved, southerners disapproved • 1824 & 1828- tariff increased (Black Tariff or Tariff of Abominations)

31. Tariff (continued) • Southerners angry b/c • Their goods unprotected • Feared federal govt. would try to regulate slavery • John C. Calhoun (SC)- The South Carolina Exposition • Nullification of Tariff of 1828

32. Nullification Controversy • James Madison – “heresy” • John Q. Adams – “organized civil war”

33. G. “Nullies” in SC • SC legislature • Nullies vs. Unionists • voted to nullify tariff & secede from Union • Jackson’s stance- no nullification • Henry Clay’s compromise Tariff of 1832- reduce • Force Bill

34. Webster – Hayne Debates • Webster – MA • Hayne - SC • Foote Resolution • “Rope of Sand” • “Now and forever, one and inseparable”

35. H. The Trail of Tears • Western expansion- Jacksonites • 5 Civilized Tribes • Creeks • Choctaws • Chickasaws • Seminoles • Cherokee • Worchester v. GA- 1830 • Marshall’s decision vs. Jackson’s reply

36. Maysville Road Veto • Jackson’s political savy

37. 1830- Indian Removal Act • Black Hawk War (1832) & Seminole War (1835-1842 • Trail of Tears- fall-winter 1838 & 1839- 4,000 Cherokee dead

38. I. The Bank War • Jackson believed bank held too much power (along w/ its pres., Nicholas Biddle) • Hated by J’s supporters • Bank Recharter Bill- 1832 • Reelection issue (H. Clay) • J vetoes- hated by NE • J signs- loses support of S & W • vetoed

41. J. Old Hickory Wallops Clay in 1832 • 1st 3rd party- Anti- Masonic- acted as Anti-Jackson • Took votes from Clay • Nominating conventions- involved lots of people • Party platforms • Jackson’s popular appeal won the election

42. K. Burying Biddle’s Bank • Bank to expire in 1836- no more deposits • Biddle called in bank loans • People lost property • Currency destabilized • Funds in “pet banks” • Specie circular- all public lands had to be purchased with metallic money- stop speculation • Panic of 1837

44. L. The Birth of the Whigs • Jackson’s opponents • Clay, Calhoun, Webster • Against Jackson’s successor- Martin Van Buren

46. M. The Election of 1836 • Serve through Van Buren • Martin Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison • Van Buren won

47. N. Big Woes for the Little Magician • Resented by his party • Troubles with Canada • Panic of 1837

49. O. Depression & the Independent Treasury • Speculation • Bank War • Specie Circular • Divorce Bill • Van Buren’s plan to divorce gov’t from banking – gov’t surplus kept in independent treasury – less banking reserves – less credit available • Affect on Van Buren’s presidency

50. Change over time: Politics • Important Change #1: • 1840s: Triumph of democratic populist style • Aristocracy was tainted, log cabins were in • Being perceived as clean, well-dressed, grammatical, intellectual were negatives when it came to national elections • Sturdy American, course trousers, coonskin cap, no collar – this was in