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Preschoolers Identified as Having Autism: Characteristics, Services, and Achievement

Preschoolers Identified as Having Autism: Characteristics, Services, and Achievement. Elaine Carlson and Amy Shimshak, Westat OSEP National Early Childhood Conference Washington, DC December 12, 2005.

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Preschoolers Identified as Having Autism: Characteristics, Services, and Achievement

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  1. Preschoolers Identified as Having Autism: Characteristics, Services, and Achievement Elaine Carlson and Amy Shimshak, Westat OSEP National Early Childhood Conference Washington, DC December 12, 2005 PEELS is funded by the Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research

  2. PEELS is following 3,100 children with disabilities from preschool into their early elementary years Children were 3 through 5 years old at entry into the study (and 1st data collection) PEELS will examine children’s preschool experiences and outcomes transition to kindergarten early elementary school experiences and outcomes Overview

  3. Nationally representative sample of 223 LEAs LEAs stratified by Enrollment size Geographic region Wealth Sampling

  4. 5 waves between 2004 and 2009 Wave 1 included: Family Telephone Interview (N = 2,800) Direct Child Assessment (N = 2,792) 13 subtests Mail Questionnaires Teachers/service providers (N = 2,084) SEA administrators (N = 51) LEA administrators (N = 196) Principals/program directors (N = 895) Data collection

  5. Profile of Primary Disabilities among Children with Disabilities Ages 3-5

  6. Compared to preschoolers identified as having other disabilities, those with autism were disproportionately male, had similar racial/ethnic backgrounds, had similar household incomes, had mothers with similar levels of education, were as likely to have been premature, and were more likely to have had concerns raised about their development between 12 and 35 months. Characteristics of preschoolers identified as having autism

  7. Preschoolers’ demographic characteristics *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  8. Preschoolers’ demographic characteristics, con’t. These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  9. Age at which concerns first expressed These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  10. Compared to preschoolers with other disabilities, those identified as having autism From parent interviews were less likely to use words to communicate, demonstrated fewer expressive and receptive language skills, and had more difficulty making their needs known. Communication skills

  11. Preschoolers’ primary methods of communication *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  12. Preschoolers’ articulation p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  13. Preschoolers’ understanding of verbal and nonverbal communication p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  14. Preschoolers’ ability to make needs known p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  15. Compared to preschoolers identified as having other disabilities, those identified as having autism From teacher rating scales displayed more problem behaviors and exhibited less well-developed social skills. From parent interviews were more challenging to manage and had a harder time paying attention, managing change, and playing with other children. Behavior and social skills

  16. Preschoolers’ mean scores on various social behavior scales *p < .05 NOTE: The higher the score on PKBS Problem Behaviors, the higher the level of problem behaviors. The scaled score mean for ABAS Self-Care and Self-Direction is 10. These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” and “Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition (ABAS II) Teacher/Daycare Provider Form: Self-Care and Self-Direction,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005. .

  17. Percentage of preschoolers with scores in each decile on PKBS social skills scale These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire” and “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005.

  18. Percentage of preschoolers with scores in each decile on PKBS problem behaviors scale These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire” and “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005.

  19. Appropriateness of preschoolers’ behavior p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  20. Parents’ ability to manage behavior p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  21. Preschoolers’ ability to pay attention and stay focused p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  22. Preschoolers’ ability to adjust to change p < 0.05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  23. Preschoolers’ ability to play with other children p < 0.05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  24. Preschoolers’ participation in group activities These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  25. From parent interviews Cognitive skills of preschoolers identified as having autism lagged behind those of preschoolers identified as having other disabilities. From direct child assessment Preschoolers identified as having autism scored higher than preschoolers identified as having other disabilities on the WJ Letter-Word subtest but lower on other pre-academic assessments. Cognitive skills and pre-academic achievement

  26. Preschoolers’ ability to learn, think, and solve problems p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  27. Preschoolers’ pre-academic assessment scores These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word and Applied Problems,” and “Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005. .

  28. Percentage of preschoolers with autism scoring in each decile on Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005.

  29. Percentage of preschoolers with autism scoring in each decile on Woodcock-Johnson III: Applied Problems These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Applied Problems,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005.

  30. Percentage of preschoolers with autism scoring in each decile on PPVT These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005.

  31. Pre-academic scores sometimes varied by ability to understand verbal or non-verbal communication ability to make needs known ability to think, learn, and solve problems Social behavior scores sometimes varied by ability to think, learn, and solve problems ability to understand verbal or non-verbal communication ability to make needs known Variation in pre-academic and social behavior scores

  32. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on pre-academic assessments based on ability to understand verbal or nonverbal communication * p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word and Applied Problems,” “Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  33. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on pre-academic assessments based on ability to make their needs known *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word and Applied Problems,” “Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  34. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on pre-academic assessments based on ability to think, learn and solveproblems *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Woodcock-Johnson III: Letter-Word and Applied Problems,” “Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  35. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on social behavior scales based on ability to think, learn and solve problems *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” “Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition (ABAS-II) Teacher/Daycare Provider Form: Self-Care and Self-Direction,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  36. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on social behavior assessments based on ability to understand verbal or nonverbal communication *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” “Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition (ABAS-II) Teacher/Daycare Provider Form: Self-Care and Self-Direction,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  37. Mean scores for preschoolers identified as having autism on social behavior assessments based on ability to make their needs known *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” “Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – Second Edition (ABAS-II) Teacher/Daycare Provider Form: Self-Care and Self-Direction,” and “Parent Interview,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  38. 50% of preschoolers identified as having autism had an IFSP before age 3 compared to 38% of preschoolers identified as having other disabilities. On average, preschoolers identified as having autism were 30 months old when services began compared to 32 months for preschoolers identified as having other disabilities. Child find

  39. Compared to preschoolers identified as having other disabilities, those identified as having autism received more hours a week of service and more of their services in special education settings and at home were more likely to receive a variety of services, including… Occupational therapy Behavior management Augmentative communication Assistive technology Services

  40. For children in kindergarten and preschool classes, hours a week in various settings *p < .05 Total hours of service does not equal the sum of hours spent in regular education, special education, and home instruction because other service settings were not included here due to their small means and medians. These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” and “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  41. Services preschoolers received *p < .05 These data are preliminary. Final Wave 1 data will be available in winter 2005. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Special Education Research, Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study, “Early Childhood Teacher Questionnaire,” and “Kindergarten Teacher Questionnaire,” Wave 1 Restricted Use Data, January 2005

  42. www.peels.org PEELS Web Site

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