Bonding, Formulas and Equations

1. Bonding, Formulas and Equations • SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom. • Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds in terms of electron movement. SPS2. Students will explore the nature of matter, its classifications, and its system for naming types of matter. Predict formulas for stable binary ionic compounds based on balance of charges. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and chemical formulas of binary ionic compounds and binary covalent compounds. Demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter in a chemical reaction. Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter by balancing the following types of chemical equations: Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement and Double Replacement

2. Atoms are unstable • An atom is unstable unless it contains a completely full outer shell. • This means 8 valence electrons (or 2 for the smaller atoms) • Atoms that do not contain 8 valence electrons tend to gain, lose or share valence electrons in order to achieve stability.

3. Ionic Bonding • When atoms transfer electrons to become stable compounds, an ionic bond is formed. • The ions are kept together by their opposite charges. Ex… • Sodium (Na) reacts with Chlorine (Cl) to give Sodium chloride ( NaCl) + -

4. Atoms also share electrons to become Stable! Hydrogen and oxygen share electrons so they can both become stable. This is covalent bonding = Some atoms of the same type share electrons so they can become stable also Ex. Nitrogen and oxygen + = = +

5. Ionic Or Covalent??? - 1 2 - +2 5 4 3 6

6. Groups, Valence and Oxidation Numbers • The group an element is in determines it’s Valence number….

7. WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA FROM NAME • Ex: Aluminium Sulphide (Binary Ionic Compound) • 1. Write down symbol & charge of the metal ion. Al+3 • 2. Write down symbol & charge of the non-metal ion. S-2 • 3. Place the together with the metal ion first. • Al+3 S-2 • 4. Cross the oxidation numbers • Al2S3

8. 1 calcium iodide 2 magnesium phosphide 3 calcium hydride 4 sodium chloride 5 magnesium fluoride 6 barium oxide 7 Aluminium bromide 8 aluminum arsenide 9 potassium selenide 10 barium nitride Extra Credit: Magnesium Oxide

9. Figure 16 Common Anions and Cations

10. WRITING A COMPOUND’S NAME FROM ITS CHEMICAL FORUMLA 3. Use IUPAC nomenclature for transition between chemical names and chemical formulas of binary ionic compounds and binary covalent compounds. • Example: NaCl (Binary Ionic Compound – 1 metal and 1 non metal) • 1. Write the name of the metal. • Sodium • 2. Write the name of the non-metal. • Sodium Chlorine • 3. Change the suffix (end) of the non-metal to IDE • SodiumChloride

12. WRITING A COMPOUND’S NAME FROM ITS CHEMICAL FORUMLA (Binary Covelent Compound - 2 non metals) • Example 1)H2O • 2) CO2 • 1. Write the name of the first element including the correct prefix ( can omit prefix if it is mono ) • Ex.1) Dihydrogen • 2) Carbon • 2. Write the name of the second element including the correct prefix and ending in ide • Ex.1) Dihydrogen monoxide • 2) Carbon dioxide

13. Quiz

14. 1. BaO • 2. 5CO • 3. PCl3 • 4. KI • 5. CF4 • 6. MgO • 7. Cu2S • 8. SO2 • 9. 3NCl3 • 10. XeF6

15. Chemical Reactions (yields) reactants products Starting substances Final substances After change

16. Types of reactions

17. Synthesis Models of Reactions The following drawings represent reactants and products of three different chemical reactions. 1.Synthesis means “putting something together.” Which drawing represents a synthesis reaction? Explain your answer. Reaction B is a synthesis reaction, because the two reactants come together to make one product.

18. Decomposition Models of Reactions The following drawings represent reactants and products of three different chemical reactions. 2.Decomposition means “taking something apart.” Which drawing represents a decomposition reaction? Explain your answer. Reaction A is a decomposition reaction, because the reactant is taken apart to make two products. Click the mouse button to display the answer.

19. Section 7.2 Displacement Models of Reactions The following drawings represent reactants and products of three different chemical reactions. 3.Replacement means “something taking the place of another.” Which drawing represents a replacement reaction? Explain your answer. Reaction C is a replacement reaction, because one reactant takes the place of part of another.

20. Section 7.2 Summary a. Decomposition b. Double Replacement c. AB → A + B d. A + BC → B + AC e. AB + CD → AD + CB

21. Law of Conservation of Mass 4 Demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter in a chemical reaction. • In all changes, mass cannot be created or destroyed • All the mass you start with you end with 2 H2 + O2 ---> 2 H2O

22. Section 7.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

23. Section 7.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

24. Section 7.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

25. Section 7.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

26. Figure 2 Burning of Carbon 6C + 6O  6CO2

27. 9. 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 • K = 2 K =2 • Cl =2 Cl =2 • O =6 O=6