Aim: What are the causes of the French Revolution?

1. Aim: What are the causes of the French Revolution?

2. Causes of the French Revolution • Absolute Monarchy with a WEAK LEADER • Louis XVI • American Revolution • Enlightenment Ideas • Liberty, Freedom, Limited Government • Financial Problems • Overspending: Luxury and War • Poverty of 3rd Estate – Heaviest Tax Burden, No Voice in Government

4. The Phases of the French Revolution

5. I. The Old Regime 1700s (Conservative) • Absolute Monarchy • King Louis has TOTAL POWER • 3 Estates (Classes) • 1st Estate – Clergy • 2nd Estate – Nobility • 3rd Estate - Commoners • Estates General • No political power for the poor

7. II. The National Assembly (1789-1791: Moderate) • Tennis Court Oath • Demands a CONSTITUTION • Storming the Bastille • Spark of the REVOLUTION • Declaration of the Rights of Man • Protection of Individual Rights and Liberties • King’s Power is Limited • Limited Monarchy

8. Declaration of the Rights of Man Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.

9. Tennis Court Oath

10. Estates General

11. Storming the Bastille

12. III. The National Convention (1792-1795: Radical) • Jacobins – Radical Political Group • Leader - Maximilian Robespierre • Committee of Public Safety – Temporary Government of France during the REIGN OF TERROR. • Guillotine • Louis XVI tried for treason and beheaded

15. Beheading of Louis XVI

18. IV. The Directory (1795-1799: Moderate) • Bourgeosie (upper class) in power • 2 house legislature established • Executive Body runs Government

19. V. Napoleon (1799-1815: Conservative) • Coup d’Etat – Overthrow of Government • Napoleonic Code – Legal Code • Continental System – Napoleon’s Foreign policy to blockade Great Britain. • Peninsular War – Fought for control of the Iberian Peninsula • Invades Russia – BIG MISTAKE

20. VI. Napoleon’s Downfall Continental System Peninsular War Invasion of Russia Defeat by coalition

24. Aim: What was the impact of the French Revolution

25. 1. Declaration of the Rights of Man Based on Declaration of Independence All men have natural rights Freedom of Religion Equality for All

26. 2. Congress of Vienna An agreement between the nations of Europe aimed at lasting peace and stability Leads to a BALANCE OF POWER

27. 3. Latin American Revolutions Latin Americans Revolt after American and French Revolutions inspire change. • Powerful Revolutionaries Establish Independence • Simon Bolivar • Jose de San Martin

28. From 1500 to 1800, Latin America was colonized by Europe, especially Spain European nations used mercantilism to gain wealth from their American colonies Catholic missionaries from Spain & France converted Indians

29. White Europeans were at the top of society One major impact of European colonization was the unequal social hierarchy in Latin America Peninsulares were royal governors sent by the king to enforce mercantilism & maintain order in the colony • Text

30. From 1800 to 1830, Latin American colonies began declaring independence from European nations & establishing democracies throughout the Americas

31. CAUSES PROBLEMS WITH THE FRENCH AND SPANISH EMPIRES ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS NATIONALISM & DESIRE FOR ECONOMIC FREEDOM

32. Revolutionary Leaders Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti (France) Father Hidalgo and Father Jose Morelos – Mexico (Spain) Simon Bolivar – Venezuela/Colombia (Spain) Jose De San Martin – Argentina/Chile (Spain) Dom Pedro - Brazil

33. Effects of Latin American Independence Movements • Colonial Rule Ends • Countries gain Independence and form new nations