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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates. An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy Sources:. Function of Carbohydrates. Primary source of energy for body (short-term) Sugar is absorbed in the small intestine Glucose is used in various tissues and organs

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Carbohydrates • An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy Sources:

  3. Function of Carbohydrates • Primary source of energy for body (short-term) • Sugar is absorbed in the small intestine • Glucose is used in various tissues and organs • Excess sugar is stored as Glycogen in the liver or in Adipose tissue as fat Complex vs. Simple Carbohydrates Video

  4. Simple “Bad”Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Disaccharide Sucrose = Table Sugar Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Milk Sugar Glucose + Galactose • Very small molecules • Exist in Pure Form • Sugars – • Glucose – the building block of sugars • Fructose – fruit • Galactose – Milk products Is Sugar Toxic Video?

  5. Complex “Good” Carbohydrates • Polymer - A large molecule formed when small molecules of the same kind chain together • Polysaccharides – Made of chemically linked mono-saccharides – from ten to several thousand • Examples: • Starch – stored in seeds and roots • Fiber – give plants their structure

  6. Carbohydrates

  7. Structure of Starch • Amylose • Linear molecules • Amylopectin • Multiple branches

  8. Structure of Fiber • Soluble Fiber (Dietary) • Forms a gel • Slows digestion • Insoluble Fiber • Add bulk • Laxative effect • Do not dissolve • Cellulose • Glucose polymer • Strengthen the plant’s cell walls and woody parts Fiber Video

  9. How many carbs per day? Based on a 2,000 Calorie Diet: RDA: 250 g Carbohydrates 25-38 g Fiber The average American only consumes 15 g of fiber per day.

  10. RDA Carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram How many calories from carbohydrates in one slice of this bread?

  11. Low-Carb Diets • Ketosis • A dangerous metabolic state • Body burns its own fat for fuel • Results in kidney stones and organ failure • Increase in Cholesterol • Increase risk of Osteoporosis • Excreting Calcium in urine • Increase risk of Cancer • Depriving body of essential nutrients

  12. Sources • http://www.leicestershirediabetes.org.uk/542.html • http://www.newtreatments.org/scdietproof.php • http://www.dotfit.com/content-1589.html • http://www.extension.iastate.edu/humansciences/content/carbohydrate • http://www.webmd.com/diet/high-protein-low-carbohydrate-diets • http://www.healthcentral.com/diet-exercise/h/what-is-the-function-of-complex-carbohydrates-in-the-body.html

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