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Lymphatic System: Overview, Components, and Immunity

This lecture provides an overview of the lymphatic system, including its components, function in immunity, and how lymph travels. It also covers the general immune reaction, inflammation, and selected topics in immunity.

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Lymphatic System: Overview, Components, and Immunity

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  1. Announcements • Exams- • Extra Credit - • Lab 5 - Lymphatic System

  2. Lecture Overview • Lymphatic System and Components • What is lymph and how does it travel? • General Immune Reaction- Inflammation • What is one function of the cells carried in lymph? • Selected Topics in Immunity

  3. Lymphatic System • Absorbs excess fluid from the tissues • Returns this fluid to the circulatory system or the heart • Additional function in Immunity

  4. Components of the Lymphatic System • Lymph • Lymphatic Tissue • Lymphatic Vessels • Thymus • Bone Marrow • Spleen

  5. Lymph The clear fluid absorbed by the lymphatic system Lymphatic Tissue Clusters of Lymphocytes and macrophages Lymph

  6. Lymphatic Tissue • Malt: (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue) • Diffuse array of lymphocytes found along body passages in mucous membranes. • Examples of malt: lining of the stomach and respiratory tract • Lymph nodules: • Dense clusters of Lymphocytes • Transient: pop up during infection

  7. Lymphatic Vessels • Carry and Transport Lymph and proteins • Similar Structure to veins • Tunica Interna: Thin inner lining and valves • Tunica Media: Elastic fibers and Smooth Muscle • Tunica Externa: Thin Outer Layer

  8. Lymphatic Filters • Lymph Nodes- Screen and FilterLymphfor infectious particles • Spleen- Screen and FilterBlood for old, dead cells and infectious particles

  9. Subclavian 2 collecting Trunks 6 Lymphatic Trunks More Collecting Vessels Lymph Nodes Collecting Vessels Lymphatic Vessels

  10. Lymphatic Movement • No pump • Rhythmic contraction of the lymph vessels • Skeletal Muscles • How is backflow prevented?

  11. Immune Cell Generators • Bone Marrow- Makes B- Cells • Thymus- Makes T- Cells

  12. Thymus

  13. Break for Dynamic Human

  14. Inflammation • Non-specific response to tissue trauma or infection

  15. 4 signs of Inflammation

  16. 4 signs of Inflammation • Redness • Swelling • Heat • Pain • What’s the purpose of pain?

  17. Purpose of Inflammation • Remove Invading Pathogens • Remove Debris of Damaged Tissues • Initiate Tissue Repair

  18. Mediators of Inflammation • Chemical Messengers • Leukocyte

  19. Chemical Messengers • Released by mast cells in response to damage • Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes • Increases Local Blood Flow to distressed area • Stimulates Vasodilation • Increases Permeability of Capillaries • What’s Accomplished?

  20. Chemical Messengers • Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes • Increases Local Blood Flow • Stimulates Vasodilation • Increases Permeability of Capillaries • What’s Accomplished? • Heats area causes redness and swelling • Dilutes toxins and helps Remove waste • Supplies oxygen and nutrients for tissue repair

  21. Pain Response • Purpose? • Causes?

  22. Pain Response • Purpose? Prevents further injury to area. • Causes? • Direct Nerve Damage • Pressure from Swelling • Chemical Stimulation particularly bradykinin

  23. Leukocyte Deployment • Leukocyte: any white blood cell including T cells, B cells, granulocytes, platelets, basophils, mast cells, monocytes and macrophages • Leukocytes Migrate toward inflammed area • Why? TO KILL and RECRUIT

  24. Leukocyte Deployment • Leukocytes Migrate to inflammed tissue • How? 1. Margination or pavementing: To migrate to the wall of a capillary 2. Diapedesis: Passage of blood cells through vessel wall into tissue 3. Chemotaxis: Movement of a cell towards or away a chemical source

  25. What do the leukocytes plan to do? • Phagocytosis: release of toxic chemicals • Recruit more leukocytes

  26. Phagocytosis • Leukocytes consume and destroy foreign invaders and dead cells • Ejected as Pus

  27. Break for Dynamic Human

  28. Selected Topics in Immunity

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