Introduction to Environmental Sociology & Sociology of Forestry

1. Introduction to Environmental Sociology & Sociology of Forestry Amar Ma’ruf Ph. : 0811400198 E-mail : amarmaruf@uho.ac.id Webiste : www.amarmaruf.com

2. Learning Objectives To understand the similarities of Environmental Sociology and Sociology of Forestry. To discuss the differences of the two disciplines. To explore what things that an Environmental Sociologists do. To identify the future works of environmental sociologists.

3. Background • Environmental Sociology and Sociology of Forestry have the same notion which is the natural world and the social relations that shape and are shaped by the natural world (societal – environmental relationships). • Even though there is a systematic divide between environmental sociology (ES) and the sociology of forestry resources (SF), the differences are not particularly fundamental or consequential. • However, it is worthed to understand the differences between the two academic disciplines.

4. Environmental Sociology deals with interactions between societies and their environment (natural or human built one) such as environmental movement, how people in societies perceive environmental problems, globalization, the relation among population, health and the environment etc. Sociology of Forestry studies the interactions between societies and forest!

5. Cont... • Most sociologists of forestrytoday either are employed in a public or private forest management agency or, ifthey are employed as academics, are most likely to be found in forestry departmentsor relateddepartmentsor programs ( e.g., development studies or international forestryprograms) in natural resources or in forestry. • Most environmental sociologists work as researchers and or lecturers at universities or colleagues. Some are recruited in NGOs or Public Policy Organizations. As a result of growing concern about sustainability, job positions of environmental sociologists seem to also increase through 2022, perhaps surpassing the other disciplines (http://www.environmentalscience.org/degree/environmental-sociology#)

6. Cont... • Most environmental sociologists have tended to be inconventional liberal arts sociology departments and to be scholars who were personallyand professionally challenged by the rise of the environmental movementinthe late 1960s and early 1970s. • There have been three particularly important routesof recruitment into environmental sociology: • FIRST, afew of the scholars who wouldbecome well known in environmental sociology ( e.g., William Burch, WilliamCatton, Richard Gale) were active in the field of the sociology of natural resourcesearlier in the 1960s, and extended their inquiry to include issues that were importantwithin the emerging fieldof environmental sociology.

7. Cont... • SECOND, most environmental sociologists, however, were relatively new converts to the field,either as young or middle-careerprofessionals ( e.g., Denton Morrison, Allan Schnaiberg), and especially asgraduate students ( e.g., Riley Dunlap); • This new cohort of environmental sociologistswas especially likely to have strong commitments to environmentalism, and to haveelected to orient its scholarship to be relevant to environmentalism. • Third, there were some environmental sociologists who had preexisting theoretical interests ( e.g. ,William Catton in Durkheimian theory) who were stimulated to think differentlyabout social theory as a result of the ferment of Earth Day and the mobilizations that followed.

8. Cont... • In the very early days of environmental sociology the core issuewasthe nature and dynamics of environmentalism and the structure of the environmentalmovement. It is significantand striking that in the 1970s virtually all of thesociological attention paid to the environmentalmovementwas by environmental sociologists, rather than by sociologists of collective behavior and social movements,since the former saw this movement as being fundamental while the latter didnot accord it this level of significance.

9. Cluster Study of Env. Sociology Tata Kehidupan & DinamikaManusia - Biologis Tata Lingkungan & DinamikaKawasan Tata Kehidupan & DinamikaManusia & Alam (organisasisosial, IPTEK --- konfigurasiSosialBudaya

10. Core Skills in Environmental Sociology Quantitative Analysis: using statistical methods to analyze data and to reveal trends. Writing: develop the writing academic skills Collecting information: through surveys, academic literatures, interviews etc. Processing information; tabulate survey responses, process survey data and soon. Critical thinking: use reasoning to identify the causes of environmental and social problems & assess the strengths and weaknesses of potential solutions

11. The Differences of ES & SF The sociology of forestry tends to stress rural/nonmetropolitantopics, in large part as a reflection of the work itspractitioners do for forestry / naturalresource agencies and of the strong representation of rural sociologists and related rural social scientists. Accordingly, the predominant conceptionof the environment from the vantage point of the sociology of forestry is that of consumptive,preservationist, recreational, and related uses offorest resources. The sociology of forestry retains a strong emphasis on management and policy,and thus tends to be relatively applied and empirical in orientation.

12. Environmental Sociology • It tends to be more metropolitan in itsstresses, in several respects. Environmentalsociology is most preoccupied withmanufacturing industry and withmetropolitan-centered consumption andmetropolitan social groups. • While primary resources are given some attention, this isbasically a reflection of metropolitan-driven demands by way of production andconsumptioninstitutions. The treatment of primary resources is also a highlyaggregate one, with very little local detail, reflecting the industrial- and metropolitan-oriented focus.

13. Cont..... • Environmental sociology’ s conception of the environment is basicallytwofold: (1)pollution and ( 2) resource scarcity induced bymetropolitan-driven andindustrially driven tendencies in production and consumption. • Environmental sociology has tended not to develop a great deal of locally specific empirical detailabout the processes by which pollution and resource scarcity occur. Much environmental sociology, in fact, is not only largely theoretical, but evenmeta-theoretical,in that it is rooted in debate about very broad and often relatively difficult to test propositions. • Environmental sociology has largely tended to have a national-societalunit of analysis, but increasingly environmental sociology has taken on a global or international level of analysis.

14. Wrap Up

15. Wrap Up (Cont 1)

16. Wrap Up (Cont 2)

17. The Summary • The sociology of forestry and environmental sociology exhibit a great manydifferences, perhaps the three most significant differences lie in the definition ofenvironment, the scale of research or unit of analysis, and the overarching problematic. • There is a significant cadre of sociologists whose work has creativelystraddled the divide between environmental sociology and the sociology of forestry. The prominence of this groupsuggests not only that synthesis and cross-fertilization arepossible, but also that it can yield creative insights.

18. That’s All for Today, Thank You Questions/Feedbacks?