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EXTENDING ACCESS TO DIGITAL LIBRARIES THROUGH SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES

EXTENDING ACCESS TO DIGITAL LIBRARIES THROUGH SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES. Danail Dochev 1 , Gennady Agre 1 , Radoslav Pavlov 2 1 Institute of Information and Communication Technologies – BAS 2 Institute of Mathematics and Informatics – BAS. Plan of the presentation.

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EXTENDING ACCESS TO DIGITAL LIBRARIES THROUGH SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. EXTENDING ACCESS TO DIGITAL LIBRARIES THROUGH SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES Danail Dochev1, Gennady Agre1, Radoslav Pavlov2 1Institute of Information and Communication Technologies – BAS 2Institute of Mathematics and Informatics – BAS DIPP 2011

  2. Plan of the presentation Directions to enhance access to DL by more effective use of ontological models Objectives of NSF research project SINUS “Semantic Technologies for Web Services and Technology Enhanced Learning”: Ontological models in SINUS Ontological instances in SINUS Experimental application Consclusions DIPP 2011

  3. Enhancing DL access by more effective use of ontological models Tasks under consideration: Ontology-based upgrade of existing DLs, where the semantic information is presented implicitly (in the data base structuring) or explicitly (by ontology-based metadata). The upgrade has not to modify the original DL structure, information content and annotations. Use of ontologies for data integration from heterogene-ous sources (available as web services) to enrich the semantic search functionality and facilitate the semantic annotation of information objects. DIPP 2011

  4. Project SINUS – objectives /1/ NSF project “Semantic Technologies for Web Services and Technology Enhanced Learning”. Continues some R&D trends of 2 6FP IST projects. Partners: 2 BAS institutes and 1 SW company. Objectives: 1/ To develop an environment for extending, binding and using heterogeneous digital multimedia libraries, accessible as web services. Extensions of the DL in the following directions: a/ Enrichment of the built-in domain knowledge, through /additional/ ontological models and extended search functionality; b/ Enrichment of search results visualization – explicitly controlled and content-based sorting of found objects, display of additional descriptive (metadata based) information. DIPP 2011

  5. Project SINUS – objectives /2/ 2/ Development of specialized e-learning facilities, allowing learning-by-doing through learners’ authoring of specific learning materials by intensive use of multimedia DL. Learning tasks – development of educational projects/essays for assigned analyses of the objects under study by: a/ Constructing multimedia collection of DL objects to be analysed; b/ Analysis of the selected collection by comparison and debate of certain objects characteristics ; c/ Development of the project (analytical essay) as a multimedia document (text + links to collection objects). The environment guides and consults the learners on each phase on the base of its internal domain and pedagogical knowledge, considering the shortage, inaccuracy and even incorrectness of the initial learners’ knowledge. DIPP 2011

  6. SINUS ontological models Two types of ontological models: a/ Basic ontology – semantic ”explanations” of existing DL information content in terms (ontological concepts), “understandable” for the DL, accessed as web service. b/ Specialized ontologies – represent additional descriptive characteristics of the information objects, “unknown” for the existing DL. They are regarded as extensions of the basic ontology and permit extended semantic DL access, considering specific user groups with different interests. The ontology-based meta-descriptions - annotations of the concrete information objects are in fact instances of theontological concepts (classes). DIPP 2011

  7. Ontological instances in SINUS /1/ For the basic ontologies the concept instances already exist in DL (possibly in another form) or may be deduced from the existing instances. So they have not to be presentin an ontological upgrade of SQL-based DL, avoiding the need to make new annotations for each DL object in ontological constructs. A LIFTING procedure made dynamic construction of ontological instances – metadata description when searching an object in the DL by ontological terms (through convenient GUI). These automatically created ontological instances are used for automatic deductions when processing user’s queries. The procedure uses as inputs the DL web-service data representation scheme (e.g. in WSDL description) and the basic ontology concepts and relations (e.g. in RDF - OWL realization). DIPP 2011

  8. Ontological instances in SINUS /2/ Specialized ontologies introduce new knowledge - new characteristics to describe the DL content from other viewpoints. Their concepts are normally specializations of the basic ontology concepts. For the DL ontological upgrade new ontological instances have to be generated by annotation (manually or semi-automatically with processing of descriptive texts) and stored as additions to the original metadata descriptions. Then automatic deductions for processing user’s queries using basic and new terms should work on integrated metadata structures, combining the stored additions and the dynamically constructed parts. DIPP 2011

  9. Experimental application Experiments for ontological upgrading are in process for the multimedia DL “Virtual Encyclopaedia of the Bulgarian Iconography” (http://213.191.194.27/icons/index.php?lang=en). Basic ontology - the domain Ontology for Bulgarian Iconographic Objects (OBIO). Basic (root) concepts: iconographic object, author, iconographic school, characters, iconographical technique. Specialized ontology – partial domain ontology forIconographical Techniques (lacquering, gliding, primer). DIPP 2011

  10. An object from the “Virtual Encyclopaedia of the Bulgarian Iconography” DIPP 2011

  11. Search with result grouping DIPP 2011

  12. IconographicalObject Icon WallPainting Miniature Vitrage Mosaic PlasticIconographicalObject Iconostasis Throne ... Author IconographicalClan IconographicalSchool … ObjectDate ObjectPeriodDate ObjectDating ObjectLocation Monastery Church Chapel PrivateCollection Museum Gallery …. CanonicalTypeCharacter Apostle Deacon JesusChrist TheVirginMary … Iconographical Scene … IconographicalTechnique … Basic ontology concepts(partial list) DIPP 2011

  13. Specialized ontologyconcept labels DIPP 2011

  14. Conclusions The proposed approach for enhancing DL access by semantic technologies allows: • Ontology-based upgrade of existing DLs, build e.g. on relational data base scheme, without modifying the original DL structure and information content and avoiding the need for new annotations. • Extending DL accessibility by providing much more diverse and fine-tuned semantic search than in the original DLs though binding of specialized ontologies, satisfying more fully the needs of user groups with special interests. DIPP 2011

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