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Site Selection Section 14 Unit 40 Pg. 576. Introduction. Buildings of appropriate type, size and function are an important asset to all enterprises. Building types Wood frame Concrete Masonry Steel Size Varies from small sheds to large machinery storage and livestock production.
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Introduction • Buildings of appropriate type, size and function are an important asset to all enterprises. • Building types • Wood frame • Concrete • Masonry • Steel • Size • Varies from small sheds to large machinery storage and livestock production. • Function • Machinery storage • Crop storage • Livestock production • Processing • Others
Planning Agricultural Buildings • Good advance planning saves time and money. • Planning be completed before materials are purchased. • Planning Steps: • Determine the budget. • Defining the current uses and possible future uses of the building. • Selecting the building site. • Determining the best building size and design based on the use(s), the site and the budget. • Prepare the site. • Construction
(1) Planning - Budget • The amount of money available is always a critical issue. • In a ideal world the cash would be available before construction is started. • If under funded, hard decisions must be made. • Options to reduce costs: • Build in phases • Leave unfinished and complete interior later • Reduce size • Select different materials • Select different site • Do more work yourself • Others • Just remember there are trade offs to all decisions.
(2) Planning - Uses • Many questions about size, materials, design, etc. will be answered when the uses of the building have been identified. • Doing a good job identifying the uses of the building is critical to the success of the building. • Because the design life of Ag buildings is typically 15 to 20 years, it is important to consider future uses of the building.
(3) Planning - Site Selection • The site selecting can have a tremendous influence on the cost of the building. • Textbook has nine (9) principles of farmstead layout. These can be divided into three (3) categories: • Utilities (3 & 8) • Orientation (2, 4, 5 & 6) • Site characteristics (1, 7 & 9)
Planning - Site Selection - Utilities Installing utilities can be a large hidden cost if they are not planned for. Textbook # 3: Place electrical meter pole closest to the largest load. Why? What other electrical concerns should be addressed? What other utility concerns must be addressed? • Water • Gas • Sewage • Road • Three phase • Service entrance size If these services are not available close to the site, having them installed will be a major building expense.
Utilities-cont. Textbook # 8: Hard surface or gravel main traffic areas An additional concern is access roads. The value of a building site is reduced if it does not have good access to public roads. Why is access to public roads important? The value of having the main traffic areas and work areas hard surfaced or graveled can not be measured in dollars, but driving and working on muddy ground is not pleasant and it increases accidents.
Planning - Site Selection - Orientation Once the site has been selected, the orientation of the building to the wind, sun and slope is an important decision. Textbook items: • Use windbreak 4. Place livestock facilities downwind from house. • Face building to the south or east • Position buildings so they can be enlarged or expanded Wind
Orientation-Wind What are the effects of windbreaks? Textbook #2 Use wind break Textbook #4 Place livestock buildings downwind from house. Why is orientation to wind important? Summary: The undesirable effects of wind can be managed through the use of windbreaks and building orientation.
Orientation-Sun Textbook # 5 Face building south or east. Facing the buildings to the south or east uses the sun to an advantage during the winter months. The use of wide eaves reduces the disadvantage of south facing during summer months. The productivity of a greenhouse is directly related to its orientation to the sun.
Orientation - Buildings Textbook # 6 Position builds so then can be enlarged. Also must consider relationship to other buildings Fire Wind currents Utilities Access Size of equipment
(4) Site Characteristics Textbook items: 1. Place in well drained area 7. Use circle drive 9. Provide proper drainage away from each building
Site Characteristics - Drainage Results of poor building drainage Textbook items # 1 & 9: 1. Place in well drained area 9. Provide proper drainage away from each building • Structural damage to the building. • Concrete and masonry structures will flake when water that has been absorbed freezes. • Increases the rate of wood rot. • Reduces the quality of the building environment. • Higher humidity • Mold
Site Characteristic - Driveway Textbook #7 Use circle drives • One (1) in four (4) vehicle accidents involves backing. • Reduces accidents from backing out into traffic. • Reduces risk of backing into obstacles and over children and animals.
Site Characteristics--soil • The type of soil at the building site will influence the cost of construction. • Expansive clays require foundations with more steel and concrete. • Sandy soils require soil additives and greater foundation protection from erosion. • High sulphate requires different type of concrete. • Boggy/swampy sites require pilings.
Site Characteristic - Slope It would be a poor design to have an open front building facing upslope. It would be very costly to place a long building lengthwise with the slope. The amount of slope determines the direction and speed of water runoff. Orientation to slope will effect construction costs because of the amount of dirt that will need to be moved.
Site Selection Summary • It is important to consider all of the factors when selecting the site for a building. • The “ideal site” and site orientation is influenced by the design and use of the building. • Failure to consider all factors can increase the cost of the building and will reduce its usefulness.
(4) Size and Design • The size and design are two critical influences of building cost. • Size may be limited by the site. • Design may be influenced by codes or regulations. • There is a relationship between building use and best design.
(5) Site Preparation • Buildings require a level construction site. • Most sites will require some dirt work to have a level site. • When using cut and fill it is important to ensure the fill is compacted properly. • If large trees are removed the roots must be grubbed out and the spot backfilled and compacted.
