1 / 46

Energy Balance and Weight Management Chapter 10

Chapter 8. Energy Balance and Weight Management Chapter 10. Energy Intake Energy Output Energy Equilibrium Positive Energy Balance Negative Energy Balance. Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in U.S. Adults. Energy In. Regulation of intake Hunger Prompts eating; physiological desire

blaine-ingram
Download Presentation

Energy Balance and Weight Management Chapter 10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Energy Balance and Weight ManagementChapter 10

  2. Energy Intake • Energy Output • Energy Equilibrium • Positive Energy Balance • Negative Energy Balance

  3. Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in U.S. Adults

  4. Energy In • Regulation of intake • Hunger • Prompts eating; physiological desire • Satiation • Signals to stop eating • Satiety • Lack of hunger • Appetite • Psychological desire

  5. A Cascade of Regulation: Hunger Appetite Satiation and Satiety

  6. Stimulates for hunger, satiation and appetite • Diet Composition • Gastrointestinal Sensations • Temperature • Neurological and Hormonal Factors • Environmental and Social Factors

  7. Your body uses fuel (expends energy) for 3 primary purposes: 1. Maintain basic physiological functions: breathing, blood circulation, etc. 2. To power physical activity 3. To process food you eat

  8. Energy Out: Fuel Uses • Major components of energy expenditure • Resting energy expenditure (REE) • Energy for basic body functions • Affected by body size, composition, age, gender • Physical activity • Highly variable • Affected by body size, fitness level, type of activity • Thermic effect of food (TEF) • Energy to digest, absorb, metabolize food

  9. Components of Energy Expenditure

  10. Factors that Increase RMR Decrease RMR • Aging • Female • Fasting/Starvation • Sleep • Hypothyroidism • Fever * Stress • Total body weight • Smoking * Caffeine • High Lean Body Mass • Rapid growth • Hot & cold ambient temp • Pregnancy, lactation • Hyperthyroidism • Large body surface area

  11. Estimating Total Energy Expenditure • Estimating REE from body weight, gender, and age • Estimating Total energy expended from REE and physical activity • Harris-Benedict equation • w: 655.1 + 9.56 (wt:kg) + 1.85(ht:cm) - 4.68 (age:yrs) • m: 66.47 + 13.75 (wt:kg) = 5.0 (ht:cm) - 6.76 (age:yrs) • RDA for energy

  12. Estimating REE from body weight, sex and age: REE for female, age 18-30= (14.7 x weight (kg)) + 496 wt=130 lbs..=59 kg = (14.7 x 59) + 496 =1363 Harris-Benedict equation 655.1 + 9.56 (kg) + 1.85 (cm) - 4.68 (yrs) 655.1 + 9.56 (59) + 1.85 (167.64) - 4.68 (22) 655.1 + 564 + 310 - 103 =1426 REE x activity level = total energy expenditure REE x 1.3-1.45 (light activity level) = 1363 x 1.3-1.45 = 1771-1976 = 1800-2000 kcals 1426 x 1.3-1.45 = 1853-2067 = 1850-2050 kcals RDA (women age 19-50) = 2,200 kcals (wt. of 121 lbs.)

  13. Body Composition: Understanding Fatness and Weight • Assessing body weight • Height-weight tables • Men: 106 lbs + 6 lbs per inch • Women: 100 lbs. + 5 lbs per inch • Body mass index (BMI) • Weight (kg)  height2 (m)

  14. When Energy Balance Goes Awry • Definitions • Overweight: BMI between 25-30 • Obesity: BMI > 30 • Underweight: BMI < 18.5 • Health risks of overweight and obesity • Heart disease and stroke • Hypertension --Gallbladder disease • Diabetes ---Sleep apnea • Cancer • Osteoarthritis

  15. Assessing Body Fatness • Women = 20-25% Men = 12-20% • Underwater (or hydrostatic) weighing • BodPod • Skinfold thickness • Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis • DEXA

  16. Average Body Composition

  17. Measuring Body Fatness

  18. Visceral Fat and Subcutaneous Fat

  19. Body fat distribution • Android • greater health risk • high blood lipids, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure • Gynoid • Waist circumference • assess abdominal fatness • BMI 25-34.9, waist >40 inches in men and > 35 inches in women is sign of increased health risk

  20. When Energy Balance Goes Awry • Early theories of weight regulation • Fat cell theory • Obesity increases number and size of fat cells • Set point theory • Influences on weight gain and obesity • Heredity and genetic factors • Sociocultural influences • Age and lifestyle factors • Gender and ethnicity • Socioeconomic factors • Psychological factors

  21. Weight Management • Weight management is the adoption of healthful and sustainable eating and exercise behaviors indicated for reduced disease risk and improved feelings of energy and well-being

  22. Weight Management • Perception of weight • Setting realistic goals • Weight management lifestyle • Diet and eating habits • Reduce total calories • Reduce fat calories • Increase complex carbohydrates • Improve eating habits • Increase physical activity • Stress management • Self-acceptance

  23. Weight Management • Weight management approaches • Self-help books and manuals • Watch for signs of a fad diet • Self-help groups • Commercial programs • Professional counselors • Prescription drugs • OTC drugs and dietary supplements • Surgery

  24. Obesity Promoting Environment

  25. Fitness Promoting Environment

  26. Snack your way slim… • Prefer sweets? • 3 Hershey's Kisses Brand Special Dark Chocolate, 60 calories1 package Original Apple Nature Valley Fruit Crisps, 50 calories1 Late July Organic Dark Chocolate Sandwich Cookie, 50 calories 1 Hostess 100 Calorie Pack: Chocolate Cupcake, 100 calories30 plain M&M's, 100 calories (one Fun Size packet)1 package Back to Nature Honey Graham Sticks, 120 calories12 gummi bears, 120 calories1/2 banana rolled in 1 tbsp frozen semisweet chocolate chips, 123 calories1/3 cup dried fruit, 134 calories3 Oreos, 160 calories1 McDonald’s Fruit 'n Yogurt Parfait, 160 calories

  27. Snack your way slim… • Want a savory snack?5 olives (any kind), 45 calories1 small Martin's pretzel, 50 calories2 oz Applegate Honey and Maple Turkey Breast wrapped around 2 bread-and-butter pickles, 80 calories1/4 cup hummus and 3 carrot sticks, 80 calories1 Laughing Cow Light Swiss Original wedge, 3 pieces Kavli Crispy Thin, 85 calories 1 oz buffalo mozzarella, 1/2 cup cherry or grape tomatoes, 94 calories1 cup unshelled edamame, 120 calories50 Eden's Vegetable Chips, 130 caloriesOne 1-oz package of Planters NUT-trition almonds, 130 calories15 Terra Blues Potato Chips, 130 calories1/2 cup pumpkin seeds in shell, 143 calories2 pieces (30 grams) prosciutto, 4 dried figs, 154 calories

  28. Underweight • Definition • BMI < 18.5 • Causes and assessment • Illness • Eating disorders • Metabolic factors • Weight-gain strategies • Small, frequent meals • Fluids between meals • High-calorie foods and beverages

  29. Great Resources • WebMD: http://www.webmd.com/diet/evaluate-latest-diets • Weight Watchers • No diet just life

More Related