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Verb Phrases

Verb Phrases. Profa. Flávia Cunha. Verb Phrase. What is a verb phrase?. Verb Phrase (page 20). Verb Phrases (predicate). What is the Predicate of a Sentence? (with Examples)

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Verb Phrases

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  1. Verb Phrases Profa. Flávia Cunha

  2. Verb Phrase • What is a verb phrase?

  3. Verb Phrase (page 20)

  4. Verb Phrases (predicate) • What is the Predicate of a Sentence? (with Examples) • The predicate is the part of a sentence (or clause) which tells us what the subject does or is. To put it another way, the predicate is everything that is not the subject.

  5. Verb Phrase • Verb forms: to infinitive/bare infinitive • Auxiliary verbs/helping verbs • Tense and aspect • Tense: present, past • Aspect: progressive, perfective • (auxiliary be and have contribute to aspect)

  6. Verb Phrase • Tense and aspect • In grammar, the word tense refers to the time period in which the verb of a sentence places an action. • There are two tenses in English: present and past. Unlike many languages, English does not have a future tense. To talk about the future, English requires either the modal verb WILL or the present progressive .

  7. Tense and aspect • For each grammatical tense, there are subcategories called aspects. Aspect refers to the duration of an event within a particular tense. In other words, the aspect of a tense allows us to describe or understand how an event unfolds over time. English has four aspects: simple, progressive, perfect and perfect progressive.

  8. Modal verbs • What are they for? Why do we need them? • Give me examples please.

  9. Transitive and intransitive verbs • What is the difference?

  10. Stative and dynamic verbs • Stative/dynamic: Can you define them?

  11. Simple Present Tense Otherwise known as the Timeless Present

  12. Timeless Present • 'Timeless' here refers to the use of the present tense when you refer to for example what a writer has written, which has no relation to any particular time as in:Shakespeare describes the experiences of an old man going insane in his tragedy, King Lear.It can also be used when you are referring to facts as in: water freezes.

  13. Simple Present Tense is used: • When you are referring to habitual actions-actions that you always or never do; • When you are referring to unchanging truths; • When you are making general statements of fact.

  14. Examples • (habit) He always comes late to class. • (unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east. • (general statement of fact) They are friendly. simple present tense

  15. Indicators simple present tense

  16. Form simple present tense

  17. Diagram-time on a line NOW X X X X X X X X X X Past Future simple present tense

  18. Simple Past Tense

  19. The Simple Past Tense is Used: • When an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past--in other words, when an activity or situation is completed in the past • To refer to past habits

  20. Examples • (Completed action in the past) He was late to class yesterday. • (Completed action in the past) We arrived three weeks ago. • (Past habit) She always wrote a letter to her mother on Sunday night. Simple Past Tense

  21. Indicators Simple Past Tense

  22. Form Simple Past Tense

  23. Diagram--time on a line NOW X Future Past Simple Past Tense

  24. The Present Perfect A tense very commonly used in English to refer to the past!

  25. The Present Perfect is Used: • When an activity happened at an unspecified time in the past (before the present) • When an activity has been repeated several times before now • When an activity was very recently completed before now • When an activity is not completed in the past

  26. Examples • (unspecified time before now) They have already seen that movie. • (repeated activity before now) We have visited New York City many times. • (an action has recently been completed before now) I have just eaten. • (action not completed in the past) I have studied Spanish for many years. Present Perfect Tense

  27. Indicators Present Perfect Tense

  28. Form 1have or has + past participle Present Perfect Tense

  29. Form 2 Present Perfect Tense

  30. Diagram 1--time on a line NOW X ? Past Future Present Perfect Tense

  31. Diagram 2--time on a line NOW X X X X X Past Future Present Perfect Tense

  32. The Present Progressive Tense Sometimes called the Present Continuous Tense

  33. The Present Progressive Tense is Used: • When an activity is in progress now at the moment of speaking • When an activity began before now and continues into the future without stopping. • When an activity is temporary. • When an activity is developing and changing.

  34. Examples • I’m explaining something to the class right now. • He’s taking 16 credits this semester. • She is understanding English more and more because she moved into the dorm. Present Progressive Tense

  35. Indicators Present Progressive Tense

  36. Form Present Progressive Tense

  37. Diagram--time on a line NOW Past Future Present Progressive Tense

  38. Future Tense

  39. The Future Tense is Used: • To indicate that an activity or event will take place at a time in the future

  40. Examples • When I’m retired, I’m going to travel. • Next week, we will work on punctuation. • He is going to get his car fixed tomorrow. • Our plane departs at noon next Friday. Future

  41. Indicators Future

  42. Form 1 Future

  43. Form 2 Future

  44. Form 3 Future Tense

  45. Diagram--Time on a Line NOW X Past Future Future

  46. Other English Verb Tenses These tenses are combinations of the tenses we have just reviewed

  47. Past Perfect • This tense is not used a lot. It can often be used interchangeably with the simple past because these tenses do not differ much in meaning. The past perfect tense refers to activities that happened before a specific time in the past. • Example, He had visited her many times before she died. • Form: had + past participle

  48. Past Progressive • This tense is used to refer to activities continuously in progress around a time in the past. • Example: They were eating when the taxi arrived. • Form: was or were + verbing

  49. Past Perfect Progressive • This tense is used when an activity was continuously in progress before a specific time in the past. • Example: I had been thinking about her before she called. • Form: had + been + verbing

  50. Present Perfect Progressive • This tense is used to describe actions that have been continuously in progress before now. These actions are not completed. • Example: I have been waiting here for the last two hours. • Form: have or has + been + verbing

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