Forensics Lab

1. Forensics Lab Brennan Coffey Logan Ernst Zach Salinas Fergus Sharp

2. Victim Background • Dr. Donley • Microbiologist • Current research concerned the Leprosy bacteria and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Recently awarded the “Scientist of the Year” award for her research • Throws a party to celebrate her awards with her colleagues at Monarch University on March 11, 2011 at 7 p.m. Dr. Donley

3. Incident Overview • Dr. Donley found injured in her lab at 2:00 a.m. • Victim of attacks • Suffered minor injuries, including a concussion and lacerations to the hand and back of the head • Two vials containing pathogens from Dr. Donley’s research were missing from the level IV containment room

4. Incident Overview – Part II • Further examination of the victim revealed she had been bludgeoned to the back of the head • Dr. Donley unable to remember her attacker • Her glass also had traces of cyanide on it, indicating that someone had attempted to poison her • After collecting more information, it was determined that Dr. Donley had ended the party at 12:00 a.m. after discovering the cyanide on her glass • Scent of almonds indicative of cyanide

5. Crime Scene Analysis • 19 suspects • All attended party • 3 of interest were interviewed • Dr. Sloopy Stretch • Danica Market • Dr. Kelvin High • Blood under Dr. Donley’s fingernails and on her hand • Lip prints on two glasses matching Dr. Donley and another unknown individual • Fingerprints of Dr. Donley and another unknown individual on a glass • Pet hair found on Dr. Donley’s Lab coat sleeve

6. Structure Analysis Length and shape help determine the area of the body the hair came from Root – stage of growth of the hair, and indicates whether hair fell or was pulled out Shaft – contains unique characteristics to individuals and populations, and indicates age and condition of hair Tip – indicates any recent exposure (haircuts, chemicals, burning) DNA Analysis Run hair follicle through enzyme cocktails to remove cellular coatings and organelles Centrifuge the sample to separate out DNA Use PCR method to create copies of the segment of interest in the DNA Target marker sites to separate out and create copies of specific sections of the DNA sequence Compare the DNA sample to suspect database Hair Analysis - Method

7. Hair Analysis - Results • Two samples found at the scene • One determined to be animal hair, based on structure analysis • The other determined to be hair from a human male • DNA analysis revealed the human male hair belonged to Dr. Kelvin High • The animal hair most likely belonged to a dog. Dr. Kelvin High has a Beagle

8. Lip Print Analysis • Lip print analysis at this scene is done primarily by visual comparison • Lip print samples were provided • It was determined that sample A appeared on the napkin at the scene • Sample C appeared on the standing glass • Sample D appeared on both the standing and the knocked over glass • Lip print comparison can be used like fingerprint analysis, but it is rarely used in forensic science – infrequent samples

9. Confirmation Potential crime scene blood is sprayed with luminal spray If the sample glows under a blacklight, it is a blood sample Human Confirmation Sample is placed on a gel-coated test plate Testing solution and blood sample will defuse towards each other Noticeable band will form in the middle and will contain human antigens if positive Blood Type Analysis Human blood analyzed according to the ABO system of antigens A, B, and O are antibodies attached to the surfaces of red blood cells Blood samples are mixed with known samples of A and B If the sample clumps with A blood, it is also A-type. The same is true with B to B Blood Analysis - Method

10. If clumping to both occurs, the sample is AB If no clumping occurs, the sample is type O – no antibodies RH Factor Analysis RH factor is a protein Indicated in blood types by + or – The same clumping matching tests are used for this protein If clumping occurs, the blood sample is + for the RH factor. If not, the sample is – Therefore, each blood type has a + and – version Blood Analysis – Method Cont.

11. Blood Analysis - Results • Blood found under Dr. Donley’s fingernails and on the knife were both of the B- type • This matches Dr. Kelvin High

12. Dactylography Used to determine the percent similarity of a crime scene fingerprint to a known fingerprint in a database The comparison uses analysis of features: whorls, arches, and loops Fingerprints are all individual, no two are alike Fingerprints These are residue marks from human skin oils left in the imprint of the individual’s finger They are picked up with various compounds that are powdered and/or magnetized The type of compound depends on the surface of which the print will be lifted from Fingerprint Analysis – Method

13. Database Analysis Divided between value and no-value patterns Value patterns are the various whorls No-value patterns include the loop and arch based patterns Prints given numbers based on finger they come from and pattern types Each fingerprint has a code associated with it Allows for database to sort to find similar prints Computer system analyzes the distances between ridges, their starting positions, and their patterns Other features, such as dots and enclosed areas, are also used in comparisons Fingerprint Analysis - Method

14. Fingerprint Analysis - Results • After visually comparing patterns of various crime scene prints, it was determined that Dr. Kelvin High was present and had played a role • Fingerprints of Dr. Sloopy Stretch also found

15. Stolen Pathogens - Leprosy • Mycobacterium Laprae - Hansen’s Coccus Spirilly • Bacteria often found in warm, tropical countries • Aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a waxy coating characteristic of mycobacterium • The first bacterium found to cause disease in humans • has a complex and unique cell wall that makes it difficult to kill • This also makes it replicate slowly – slowest of all known bacteria • The bacterium has never been successfully grown in artificial culture plates • Due to the fact that it lacks many necessary genes for independent survival • Has, however, been grown on mouse foot pads in laboratories

16. Symptoms Main symptom or sign of leprosy is skin lesions Causes numbness of the limbs, dry scalp, vision problems and muscle weakness Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, and eyes Treatment A cocktail of multiple drugs often including rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone is used Drugs quickly kill the disease causing bacterium, but do not immediately stop the symptoms This indicates that many symptoms of leprosy are caused by damage to cells, and not simply the presence of bacteria Stolen Pathogens – Leprosy

17. Stolen Pathogens - HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Background • A human condition that can eventually lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) • It allows for life threatening infections to occur due to a deficient immune system • HIV infection occurs with the transfer of semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and or blood • AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since its discovery and is considered to be a pandemic by WHO • Primarily infects vital cells in the immune system such as helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

18. Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont. • Virus Specifics • HIV belongs to the genus Lentrivirus • Lentriviruses are often responsible for long-duration illnesses with long incubation periods • Transmitted as single stranded, enveloped RNA viruses • Upon entry to a target cell, the virus’ genomic RNA is transcribed as double stranded DNA • Viral DNA is then introduced to the cell nucleus, and integrated into the cellular DNA • The virus becomes latent once integrated to the cellular DNA, allowing it to remain undetected by the immune system • Once the viral DNA is part of the cellular DNA, the cell will produce viral proteins

19. Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont. • Virus Specifics Cont. • HIV has three stages: acute infection, latency, and AIDS • The acute phase lasts 2-4 weeks • Victims will suffer symptoms similar to those of influenza or mononucleosis • Latency can last 2 weeks to 20 years • This stage is primarily in the lymph nodes, which can become chronically swollen • Once AIDS is reached, many opportunistic infectious diseases can attack • AIDS is characterized as a T cell count lower than 200 cells per microliter • No resistance to infections once AIDS is reached

20. Danica Market Information obtained from interview: Was there for the entire party Shoe size 7 Pet Ferret Admires Dr. Donley and her award Was wearing pink lipstick, along with many other patrons No to limited knowledge of pathogens Dr. Sloopy Stretch Shoe size 11 (matches print at scene) Admits to being at the party and scene the entire time, but appears to have limited involvement in the party itself Suspected by other suspects, including Dr. Kelvin High Suspect Interviews

21. Suspect Interviews – Cont. • Dr. Kelvin High • Limited knowledge of pathogens • Specializes in Physics • Has a pet dog - beagle • Shoe size 7.5 • Claims he wasn’t invited to the party (motive?) • Does not read newspapers – therefore did not rip the newspaper found at scene • Signed the Insurance Policy on behalf of Dr. Donley for own benefit • Dr. Donley has insulted his alternative to string theory • Wants to prove Donley wrong about his theory at any cost

22. Case Conclusion • After reviewing all case information, the following has been concluded: • Dr. Sloopy Stretch was present on scene and stole the pathogens • Has previous history of breaking into Dr. Donley’s Lab – jealous of lab technology • Shoeprint, size matching, found next to Dr. Donley’s body • Act of sabotage after Donley had been attacked

23. Case Conclusion – Cont. • Dr. Kelvin High is the attacker • Hair matched to the scene • Dog hair found on the scene – has a beagle • Matching blood type found under Donley’s nails and on other objects in the lab • Fingerprints found in lab • Motives: • Receive benefits of the insurance policy he forged • Anger towards Dr. Donley for not recognizing his theory and for not inviting him to the party • Resorted to physical attack after cyanide efforts failed • Tried to blame Dr. Stretch after seeing him on scene

24. The Verdicts • Fortunately, the man of the millennium did not visit Dr. Donley on the night of the party • Drs. Stretch and High were apprehended • Dr. Stretch’s trial dragged out, but was eventually ended with sentences for theft and non-compliance • Dr. High’s trial was a short one, with the Dr. being sentenced for assault and battery

25. "Computer Forensics | Forensic Science | Mysteries | Lesson Plan at Exploreforensics.com."Lesson Plan | Forensic Science | Crime Scene | Unsolved Mysteries at Exploreforensics.com. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://www.exploreforensics.com/>. "Forensic Science." Shambles in S.E.Asia (The Education Project Asia) at Www.shambles.net. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://www.shambles.net/pages/learning/sciencep/forensic/>. "Forensic Science." The Science Spot. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classforsci.html>. Ms. Donley’s Lectures Officer Christy’s Forensics presentation Wikipedia – Various pages Works Cited