Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt (and less)

1. Reducing Standby Power to 1 Watt (and less) Alan Meier International Energy Agency Alan.Meier@iea.org Presented at KEMCO 29 July 2004 Updated 30 July 2004

2. Seminar Plan • What is standby power? • How large is standby? • The IEA 1 Watt Plan • Policies to cut standby • The future

3. What is Standby Power? Power consumed by an appliance when switched “off” or while not performing its primary purpose

4. How Large is Standby? • Device • Home • Country • World

5. Standby Power of each product is tiny--just a few watts--but most homes have more than 15 products with standby 1 Watt = 9 kWh/year

6. Standby: up to 25% of Electricity Use in Some Homes

7. 2001 USA refrigerator standard Measured Standby in 10 California Homeshttp://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf

8. How Large is Standby?http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf • 5 – 10% of residential electricity in most countries • Unknown % in commercial buildings • ~1% of global CO2 emissions

9. The IEA 1-Watt Plan (1998) • Reduce standby in all products to < 1 Watt by 2010 • 50% by 2005 • Each country will select its own policies • Labels • Standards • Government procurement • Countries will collaborate and agree on: • Definition & test procedure • schedule

10. Progress Report • Countries with a 1-Watt Plan • Australia • United States • Korea • Japan (sort of) • Countries with special policy for standby • China • Europe (sort of) Good summary at http://www.powerint.com/greenroom/index.htm

11. Special Aspects of Standby • External power supply agreement • China, Energy Star, Australia, California • Standby < 0.5W • On-mode : > 0.09 * Ln (Pno) + 0.5 http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/ • IEA agreement on simple set-top boxes (decoders) • 8 W active • 1 W standby • Remote control shifts from active  standby http://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103

12. IEC Definition and Test Procedure will be formally adopted in late 2004http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html Definition: “The lowest power consumption mode which cannot be switched off by the user ….

13. Korea Discussion Topics • What appliances should be covered? • Meier: “all products plugged into standard outlets” • Which policy is better: Mandatory or voluntary? • Meier: “mandatory, because all manufacturers will have the same costs; this is fairer to manufacturers” • Should Korea adopt IEC Definition and Test procedure? • Meier: “yes, copy Australia approach” In September 2003 Standards Australia published an interim test method for the measurement of standby power AS/NZS 62301-2003 (int.) and this is now available for purchase. This standard will be referenced by test methods or regulatory standards where standby requirements are specified. This is based on the IEC CDV of the standard of the same number.

14. U S A • Executive Order http://oahu.lbl.gov/ • Energy Star http://energystar.gov/ • California and other states http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/documents/index.html http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html

15. 3 Years Ago President Bush Saw This Display

16. July 2001Executive Orderon Standby Power 2 months later http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010731-10.html “…Each agency… shall purchase products that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode… where cost effective…”

17. http://oahu.lbl.gov

18. Thank you Korea! Current Executive Order Standby Levels (July 2004) See: http://oahu.lbl.gov

19. Energy Star & Standbywww.energystar.gov Focus of today’s specifications: • Office equipment: sleep mode • Consumer electronics: standby • Generally weaker than Executive Order Future • All modes for office equipment & consumer electronics & external power supplies • Set-top boxes: 1 W on standby

20. Californiahttp://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/ California Energy Commission has authority to make standards Other states often copy California Proposed standards for external power supplies (same as Energy Star) simple decoder set-top boxes (8W/1W)

21. Japan • Meeting Kyoto obligations is major reason for Japanese activity • METI gave grants to industry to study problem • Demonstration VCRs, microwave ovens, ACs • 2001: The 3 major appliance manufacturers associations promise to reach 1-Watt on all major appliances by 2004 • Standby is not included in TopRunner standards http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html

22. Australia • First country to adopt a policy on standby http://www.energyrating.gov.au/standby.html • Coordinated through Australian Greenhouse Office • Actions so far • Set goal of 1-Watt on all appliances • Leads IEC tech. committee on test procedure • Supported external power supply spec.

23. China • Recent study found high standby • High growth rates expected • Voluntary standby levels for TVs • China is collaborating on specifications for • external power supplies • Set-top boxes

24. Europehttp://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htmEuropehttp://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm • Voluntary “Codes of Conduct” • Power supplies (0.3 - .75 W depending on rating) • Set top boxes • TVs, VCRs?? • Mandatory standards soon? • “Ecodesign Directive” • Early target will be standby

25. The Future of Standbyhttp://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf • We still don’t know if standby energy use is growing or shrinking • Some appliances are more efficient but now there are more appliances with standby! • A “networked home” will be a high standby home if no measures are taken • We need to monitor homes & offices

26. The Future of Standby(2) • We need to change test procedures to include standby for large appliances (dishwashers, AC, etc. ) • Standby --> LOw POwer MOde energy use • Need to consider energy implications of all low power modes (lopomos)

27. EndThank You! Alan.Meier@iea.org http://standby.lbl.gov