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METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG). FROM FIRST TO SECOND GENERATION METEOSAT (from MFG to MSG) Author: Volker Gärtner (EUMETSAT) (gaertner@eumetsat.de) Contributors: M. König (EUMETSAT), J. Kerkmann (EUMETSAT) D. Rosenfeld (HUJ), V. Zwatz-Meise (ZAMG), H.-P. Roesli (MeteoSwiss).

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METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

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  1. METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG) FROM FIRST TO SECOND GENERATION METEOSAT (from MFG to MSG) Author: Volker Gärtner (EUMETSAT) (gaertner@eumetsat.de) Contributors: M. König (EUMETSAT), J. Kerkmann (EUMETSAT) D. Rosenfeld (HUJ), V. Zwatz-Meise (ZAMG), H.-P. Roesli (MeteoSwiss)

  2. METEOSAT-1 to 7 Meteosat First Generation (MFG) • Vis & IR Imager • 3 Spectral Channels • Images every 30 Minutes • 5 km horizontal ‘Sampling Distance’ • VIS-Channel 2.5 km

  3. Channels of First Generation METEOSAT

  4. VIS, IR & WV channelsof Meteosat First Generation

  5. Comparison: MSG - Present Meteosat

  6. Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG and MSG Image Data • Unlike MFG, the MSG system allows for full flexibility in the start and end time of the scanning period • One other important difference to note is that the start of data dissemination to end users commences before the completion of the full repeat cycle • The time given in the header of each MSG image file is always the start of the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the data acquired during the repeat cycle of 12.00 UTC to 12.15 UTC) • The time given in the header of each MFG image file is always the end of the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the data acquired during the repeat cycle of 11.30 UTC to 12.00 UTC) • However, to maintain continuity in the meteorological data archive, the MFG and MSG archive data (data older than 24-hours) is ordered using the time period corresponding to the end of the data acquisition period

  7. Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG and MSG Image Data Differences in the time stamping between first andsecond generation Meteosat satellite data

  8. MSG-1 LAUNCH ON28-AUG-2002

  9. Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) • Spinning Enhanced Vis & IR Imager • 12 Spectral Channels • Images every 15 Minutes • 3 km horizontal ‘sampling distance’ at Sub-Satellite Point (SSP) • Hi-Res VIS-Channel 1 km sampling distance (SSP)

  10. MSG SEVIRI CHANNELS Basic + Airmass + Hi Res Vis Missions

  11. SEVIRI IR Channels

  12. Contribution Functions

  13. MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 13 October 2003, 12:15 UTC) MFG IR Channel 5 km MSG IR10.8 Channel 3 km

  14. MFG IR Channel ~ 5 km MFG VIS Channel ~ 2.5 km MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 4 December 2002, 12:30 UTC) MSG HRV channel ~ 1 km

  15. MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 11 November 2003, 11:00 UTC) MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km

  16. MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 5 November 2003) Kaiserstuhl (557 m) MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km 08:00 UTC 08:45 UTC

  17. MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING(Example: 8 December 2003, 11:45 UTC) MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km

  18. IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING- MSG-1 HRVIS vs NOAA-16 AVHRR CH2 -(Example: 19 November 2003) MSG HRVIS Channel, 13:00 UTC AVHRR Channel 2, 13:02 UTC

  19. MSG: IMPROVED TIME SAMPLING(Example: 8 June 2003) 10:00 10:30 11:00 MFG VIS, 30 min sampling 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 MSG HRVIS, 15 min sampling

  20. MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL AND TIME SAMPLING(Example: 10 December 2003 - MSG Rapid Scans) MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km/30 min MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km/5 min Click on the image to see the animation !

  21. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 20 May 2003, 12:00 UTC) Severe Convection MFG IR Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=01, G=03, B=04i)

  22. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 8 June 2003, 12:00 UTC) Tornadic Storms MFG IR Channel MSG-1 RGB Composite (R=01, G=03, B=09)

  23. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 3 August 2003, 12:00 UTC) Smoke from fores fires MFG VIS Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=03, G=02, B=01)

  24. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 9 September 2003, 12:00 UTC) Hurricane Isabel MFG IR Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=05-06, G=04-09, B=03-01)

  25. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 11 November 2003, 03:00 UTC) Fog/Low Stratus (night) MSG IR10.8 Channel MSG RGB Composite (R=10-09, G=09-04, B=09)

  26. MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING(Example: 26 September 2003, 08:00 UTC) Contrails MSG IR10.8 Channel MSG Difference Image (IR12.0 - IR10.8)

  27. … will show full disk views of each channel, providing a general overview after that each channel and its specific application will be discussed in more detail and with more examples The Following Slides ….

  28. MSG Channel VIS0.6 Land Surface Clouds high reflectance sun glint thick clouds snow desert cloud detection, cloud tracking, aerosol observation, image navigation support scene identification thin clouds over land bare soil thin clouds over sea forest sea low reflectance

  29. MSG Channel VIS0.8 Land Surface Clouds high reflectance sun glint thick clouds snow desert cloud detection, cloud tracking, aerosol observation, image navigation support scene identification thin clouds over land grass etc. forest bare soil thin clouds over sea sea low reflectance

  30. MSG Channel NIR1.6 Land Surface Clouds high reflectance sun glint water clouds with small droplets desert water clouds with large droplets aerosol observation, snow/ice detection support scene identification grass etc. ice clouds with small particles forest bare soil ice clouds with large particles snow sea low reflectance

  31. Contribution Function “window” channel CO2 absorption plus solar contribution during daytime!

  32. MSG Channel IR3.9 Day Land Surface Clouds low reflectance/ cold cold ice clouds snow sea ice clouds with small particles cold land night-time fog detection cloud phase urban heat island fire detection support scene identification 293.0 (SST: 297.7) warm tropical areas water clouds over sea forest water clouds over land hot desert fires sun glint high reflectance/ warm

  33. MSG Channel IR3.9 Night Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold surfaces mid-level clouds night-time fog detection cloud phase urban heat island fire detection suport scene identification low-level clouds 291.7 warm surfaces (trop. oceans, lakes) fires warm

  34. Contribution Function no / almost no surface contribution actual weighting function depends on actual humidity profile WV6.2: higher in atmosphere than WV7.3

  35. MSG Channel WV6.2 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds high humidity in upper troposphere water vapour information wind tracking support scene identification support GII retrieval 243.2 low humidity in upper troposphere warm

  36. MSG Channel WV7.3 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds high humidity in mid troposphere mid-level clouds water vapour information wind tracking support scene identification support GII retrieval 263.1 low humidity in mid troposphere high level warm surface warm

  37. Contribution Function “window” channel H2O absorption

  38. MSG Channel IR8.7 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold land surface mid-level clouds thin or broken cirrus clouds cloud phase support scene identification support GII retrieval 291.7 warm sea surface low-level clouds hot land surface warm

  39. Contribution Function large surface contribution, ozone absorption

  40. MSG Channel IR9.6 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold land surface mid-level clouds total ozone information tropopause monitoring 272.5 warm sea surface low-level clouds hot land surface warm

  41. Contribution Function “split window” channels large surface contribution some H2O absorption (higher in 12.0)

  42. MSG Channel IR10.8 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold land surface mid-level clouds earth and cloud temperature low level humidity cloud tracking support scene identification support GII retrieval 293.8 warm sea surface low-level clouds hot land surface warm

  43. MSG Channel IR12.0 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold land surface mid-level clouds earth and cloud temperature low level humidity cloud tracking support scene identification support GII retrieval 292.6 warm sea surface low-level clouds hot land surface warm

  44. Contribution Function some surface contribution CO2 absorption

  45. MSG Channel IR13.4 Land Surface Clouds cold high-level clouds cold land surface mid-level clouds height determination of thin clouds support scene identification support GII retrieval 273.5 warm sea surface low-level clouds hot land surface warm

  46. MSG Channel HRVIS high reflectance sun glint very thick clouds snow desert small scale convection surface features aerosol observations (cloud tracking) very thin clouds over land bare soil very thin clouds over sea forest sea surface low reflectance

  47. HRV VIS0.6 Usefulness of HRV data can be best assessed by comparing to 3km resolution data

  48. Summary: MSG Benefits • Improved Nowcasting (very short term forecasting) • Higher quality of the image data • Higher temporal and spatial resolution, and higher quality of the meteorological parameters, which are derived from the image data  better forecasts • Higher capacity of data collection (climate monitoring, science) • GERB instrument for climatological studies • S&R package for emergencies

  49. Summary: Value of MSG for Nowcasting • Higher temporal sampling (15 minutes) • Higher spatial sampling (3 km IR and VIS, 1 km HRVIS) • Higher spectral sampling (12 channels) • Higher quality of data (e.g. 10 bits digitisation) • Better discrimination of surfaces/clouds (window channels) • More information on vetical structure of the atmosphere • Pseudo sounding and stability products • Water vapour at two levels (WV channels) • Ozone/tropopause information (IR9.6 channel)

  50. Summary: Value of MSG for NWP • Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) • Better tracking (15 minutes) • Improved height assignment (with IR13.4 and WV channels) • Potential for higher resolution winds • Better spatial coverage near and over active weather systems • more layers of AMVs (2 WV channels, Ozone channel) • more information on cloudy and cloud-free areas • Automatic quality control and flags for NWP assimilation • Clear Sky Radiances (CSR)

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