Des stratégies pour gérer ou réduire l’occlusion

1. Des stratégies pour gérer ou réduire l’occlusion

2. Des stratégies pour réduire l’occlusion • Montrer moins de données • Utiliser la transparence • Réarranger des éléments (e.g. déformation) • Utiliser/modifier la caméra • Changer la méthode de projection (e.g. non-linéaire)

3. 1. Show Less Data • Slicing and Cutting; Boolean Masks: • Extracted Subsets and Features: • “Subsampling” (points, curves, surfaces) …

8. 2. Use Transparency • Surfaces and volumes: Varying transfer functions

9. 3D magic lenses [Viega et al. 1996] Importance-driven rendering [Viola et al. 2004]

10. 2½D and layer-based techniques: [Harrison et al. 1996] Macroscope [Lieberman 1997] [Gutwin et al. 2003] Multiblending [Baudisch and Gutwin 2004] Free-space transparency [Ishak and Feiner 2004]

11. 3. Rearrange Elements • 3D to 3D mappings • Exploded views, splitting open, peeling apart, etc.

12. 2D to 2D mappings:focus+context, detail-in-context, fisheye distortion

13. Piles [Mander et al. 1992] • Occlusion in 2D Elastic Windows[Kandogan and Shneiderman 1996] [Beaudouin-Lafon 2001] EdgeLens [Wong et al. 2003] [Bell and Feiner 2000]

14. Occlusion in 3D: Rigid Transformations

15. Agrawala et al. 2003 Li et al. 2004 Sonnet et al. 2004

16. Splitting Open: • Occlusion in 3D: Deformations [Chen et al. 2003] [Islam et al. 2004] Soft & hardcover books [Carpendale et al. 1999] Discontinuous ray deflector[Kurzion and Yagel 1997]

17. Peeling: • Occlusion in 3D: Deformations Skin peeled from hand[Laidlaw 1995] Cutting and peeling virtual food[Owada 2005]

18. Radial distortions: • Occlusion in 3D: Deformations Visual access distortion[Carpendale et al. 1997] Magnification lens[LaMar et al. 2001]

19. 4. Use Camera Control StyleCam[Burtnyk et al. 2002] HoverCam[Khan et al. 2005]

20. 5. Change Projection Method [Singh 2002] Sticky Camera [Singh and Balakrishnan 2004] Flattening of Vascular Structures[Kanitsar et al. 2003] Nonlinear Virtual Colon Unfolding[Bartrolí et al. 2001]

21. Strategies for Reducing Occlusion • Show Less Data • Use Transparency • Rearrange Elements (e.g. deformation) • Use Camera Control (e.g. “smart” cameras) • Change Projection Method (e.g. non-linear)

22. Exemple plus récent de l’approche #3 (déformation):McGuffin, Tancau, et Balakrishnan 2003

23. [McGuffin et al. 2003]

24. Our Browsing Tools • Hinge Spreader • Box Spreader • Sphere Expander • Leafer • Peeler • Radial Peeler

25. Techniques for Browsing Layers Leafing The layers to be browsed Pulling out an individual layer Compression Peeling Fanning Exploded view Flipping

26. 1. Hinge Spreader

27. 4. Leafer: Deck-of-Cards Metaphor

28. 4. Leafer – other uses

29. 5. Peeler

31. Agur and Lee (1999), Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy