ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords

1. An Overview of Laboratory Safety ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords Laboratory safety, eye protection, protective clothing, storing chemicals, labeling chemicals, eyewash, showers. Description Supporting Material

2. An overview of Laboratory Safety Biosafety Dr. John Ridderhof Chief, Office of Laboratory Systems Development Division of Laboratory Systems/PHPPO

3. Presentation Outline • Definitions • General Safety Practices • Laboratory Hazards • Biosafety Levels • Decontamination • Waste Disposal • Safety Documentation • Action Plan for Safety

4. IntroductionWhy Biosafety Practices? Protection: • workers • “products” • co-workers • lab support personnel • environment 2.1

5. Safety practices should be applied throughout the testing process: • Pre- analytical • Specimen collection • Specimen preparation • Specimen transport • Analytical • Testing • Post-analytical • Disposal

6. Examples of Laboratory Hazards Operation / Equipment Hazard • Needles • Accidental inoculation, aerosol, spillage • Centrifuge • Aerosols, splashing, tube breakage • Water baths • Growth of microorganisms

7. Safety Resources

8. Safety Resources

9. IntroductionChain of Infection Reservoir of pathogen Portal of escape Transmission Route of entry/infectious dose Susceptible host Incubation period Practices/Equipment PPE Risk Assessment Immunization Surveillance 2.1

10. PrinciplesBiosafety Levels • BSL1 - agents not known to cause disease. • BSL2 - agents associated with human disease. • BSL3 - indigenous/exotic agents with potential for aerosol transmission; disease may have serious or lethal consequences. • BSL4 - dangerous/exotic agents which pose high risk of life-threatening disease. 2.1

11. Designing for Safety • General requirements • Facility design • Water supply/sinks for hand washing • Ventilation • Standard lab practices • Safety equipment • Personal protective equipment (PPE) • Biosafety cabinets

12. Biological Safety Cabinets HAZARD ? 2.7

13. Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices • Restrict or limit access when working • Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in the laboratory • Pipetting by mouth strictly forbidden 2.3

14. Biosafety Level 1 Standard Microbiological Practices 2.3

15. Standard practices also include: • Keep work areas uncluttered and clean • No food in lab refrigerator • Minimize splashes and aerosols • Decontaminate work surfaces daily • Maintain insect & rodent control program

16. Biosafety Level 2 Facility Design (Secondary Barriers) • Requirements: • Laboratories have lockable doors • Sink for hand washing • Work surfaces easily cleaned • Bench tops are impervious to water • Sturdy furniture 2.4

17. Biosafety Level 2Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) • BSL-1 Facilities PLUS: • Autoclave available • Eyewash station available 2.4

18. Biosafety Level 2 Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier) Requirements: • Location - separated from public areas • Structure - normal construction • Ventilation - directional 2.4

19. Biosafety Level 2Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) In addition to BSL-1: • Use biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents involving: • Aerosols and splashes • Large volumes • High concentrations 2.4

20. Biosafety Level 2Special Practices • Needles & Sharps Precautions • Use sharps containers • DON’T break, bend, re-sheath or reuse syringes or needles 2.4

21. Biosafety Level 2Special Practices Needles & Sharps Precautions(cont.) • DON’T place needles or sharps in office waste containers 2.4

22. Biosafety Level 2Special Practices Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.) • DON’Ttouch broken glass with hands 2.4

23. Biosafety Level 2Special Practices • Identify “clean” and “contaminated” areas • Use appropriate warning signs • Decontaminate work surfaces • Report spills and accidents • Remove gloves, lab coats before leaving work area • No animals in laboratories 2.4

24. Biosafety Level 3Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) • BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS: • Separate building or isolated zone • Double door entry • Directional inward airflow • Single-pass air; 10-12 air changes/hour 2.5

25. Biosafety Level 3Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) • BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS(cont.): • Enclosures for aerosol generating equipment • Room penetrations sealed • Walls, floors and ceilings are water resistant for easy cleaning 2.5

26. Biosafety Level 3Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) • BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: • BSC class II or III to manipulate infectious material 2.5

27. Biosafety Level 3Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) • BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS: • Respiratory protection may be indicated 2.5

28. Biosafety Level 3Special Practices • BSL-2 Special Practices PLUS: • Work in certified BSC • Use bioaerosol-containing equipment • Decontaminate spills promptly 2.5

29. Biosafety Level 4 – Maximum Containment • BSL -3 practices plus: • Clothing change before entering laboratory • Shower on exit • All materials decontaminated on exit from facility • Safety Equipment: • Class III Biosafety cabinet • Class I or II biosafety cabinet • WITH full-body, air supplied, • positive personnel suit

30. Biological Waste • Types • cultures, stocks, isolates • materials containing or contaminated with blood • sharps • pipettes, wrappers, tips • All materials used in the lab

31. Specimen Disposal

32. Decontamination • Sterilization • Disinfection

33. DecontaminationDefinition • Sterilization The use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including large numbers of highly resistant bacterial spores.

34. DecontaminationDefinition • Disinfection The use of a physical or chemical procedure to virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms (bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.

35. DecontaminationMethods • Heat • Chemical • Radiation

36. DecontaminationHeat • Types • Moist – steam • Dry • Incineration *The most effective method of sterilization

37. DecontaminationChemical • Types • Liquids, i.e. chlorox, hydrogen peroxide • Gases, i.e. ethylene oxide

38. DecontaminationChemical • General Lab Use - Hypochlorite Solutions • Large Spills/Large Organic Load • undiluted from bottle • Small Spills/Virus Inactivation • 10% - 1:9 • General Surface Disinfection • 1% - 1:99

39. In case of a spill • Wear disposable gloves • Cover large blood spill with paper towels and soak with 1% (10000 ppm) of household bleach and allow to stand for at least 5 minutes • Small spill - wipe with paper towel soaked in 1% bleach • Discard contaminated towels in infective waste containers • Wipe down the area with clean towels soaked in a same dilution of household bleach

40. Safety Documentation & Records • Laboratory Safety Manual - Policies and Procedures • Sample Contents: • Housekeeping • Personal protection • Safe decontamination of equipment • Decontamination & Waste Disposal • Emergency procedures • In-lab first aid • Accidental injury • Post exposure prophylaxis • Contacts • Personnel responsibilities Hygiene

41. Action Plan for Implementing Safety Practices • Identify hazards • Assess level of risks • Prioritize risk • Establish and implement safety polices and procedures • Conduct safety specific training • Must be a priority • Communication is key • Perform regular audits and assessments

42. In Case of Exposure • Be ready for the emergency before hand - Familiar with exposure specific policies - Conduct drills - Keep post exposure medicines available - Check periodically for stock and expiry of medicines • Report immediately • Go to the nearest, first available doctor

43. Post Exposure • Write a report and reasons for accident • Actions taken to avoid future accidents • Training

44. Thank you