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Torricelli’s Barometer

Torricelli’s Barometer. A simple manometer for measuring gas pressure in a container. Robert Boyle. A J-tube similar to the one used by Boyle. Increased pressure leads to decreased volume. Table 5.1 Actual Data from Boyle's Experiment. Plotting Boyle's Data.

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Torricelli’s Barometer

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  1. Torricelli’s Barometer

  2. A simple manometer for measuring gas pressure in a container

  3. Robert Boyle

  4. A J-tube similar to the one used by Boyle

  5. Increased pressure leads to decreased volume

  6. Table 5.1 Actual Data from Boyle's Experiment

  7. Plotting Boyle's Data

  8. As pressure increases, the volume of SO2 decreases

  9. As pressure increases, the volume decreases

  10. Antoine and Marie Lavoisier (Painting by Jacques-Louis David)

  11. Empress Eugenie of France (Painting by Franz Winterhalter)

  12. Prof. Jacques Charles

  13. Increasing the temperature of a gas (at constant pressure) increases its volume.

  14. Plots of V versus T(Celsius) for several gases

  15. Plots of V versus T using the Kelvin scale for temperature

  16. At constant volume, pressure increases in proportion to Kelvin temperature.

  17. Boyle’s law: PV = k (for constant T)Charles’s law: V = kT (for constant P)Gay-Lussac’s law: P = kT (for constant V)COMBINE ALL THREE:PV = k T or PV/T = k for any sample

  18. PV = PVT T (for any sample of gas under two sets of conditions)

  19. One mole of any gas at S.T.P. (273 K, 1.0 atm.) occupies 22.4 L and just fits into this box

  20. At a given temperature and pressure, each of these balloons holds the same number of moles.

  21. The partial pressure of each gas in a mixture depends on the number of moles of that gas.

  22. PV = n RT R = 0.0821 L atm / mol K

  23. Kinetic molecular theory models gases as large numbers of randomly moving particles of negligible volume that interact with other particles (and container walls) only by collision.

  24. The End

  25. The production of oxygen by thermal decomposition of KClO3

  26. Reaction of zinc with HCl

  27. Effusion of a gas into an evacuated chamber

  28. Relative molecular speed distribution of H2 and UF6

  29. NH3 gas and HCl gas diffuse toward each other and react to form solid NH4Cl

  30. Velocity distribution of N2 molecules at 3 different temperatures

  31. Slower Molecules Produce a Lower Pressure

  32. Gas at low concentration has relatively fewer interactions between particles

  33. Pairwise interactions among gas particles

  34. Velocity distribution of O2 Molecules at STP

  35. The volume taken up by the gas particles themselves is less important (a) at low pressure than (b) at high pressure.

  36. Molecular Sieve Model

  37. Inflated Air Bags

  38. The pressure exerted by the atomsphere can be demonstrated by boiling water in a large metal can

  39. Acid Rain: Statue in 1990

  40. Schematic diagram of the process for “scrubbing” sulfur dioxide emissions from stack gases in power plants

  41. An environmental officer testing the pH of water.

  42. Atmospheric composition of dry air near sea level

  43. Variation of temperature (blue) and pressure (dashed lines) with altitude

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