Do Now

1. Do Now Today we will be reviewing two units: Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Hebrews. Create a list of FIVE facts you remember from EACH unit, (you will have a total of TEN bullet points). Then, Draw and label all of the following: the Nile Delta, upper Egypt, lower egypt, the blue nile, the white nile, the black land, the red land, the cataracts, and kush.

2. Do Now • In your notebooks on the LEFT side please answer the following questions: 1) why was the Nile River important? 2) What did the floods of the Nile River provide to farmers ? 3) What is a cataract?

3. Today’s Agenda!! • Review of Ancient Egypt- • Outline of Egypt unit • Whiteboard review game • Review of Ancient Hebrews- • Go over unit test • Beach Ball Game • Whiteboard Game-(Half of class versus other half) • Homework

4. Ancient Egypt: It all began with… • The Nile River Valley!! • Egypt is located in the continent of Africa. • The Nile is the world’s longest river. It ends in Egypt, leading into the Mediterranean Sea. The part of the Nile that leads there is called the Delta. • Let’s look at a map together and label it!!

6. More about the Nile!! • The Nile flooded quite often, but the Egyptians relied on these floods for crops and a good harvest. • Having rivers that flooded helped all early civilizations establish permanent settlements. • The Blue Nile and the White Nile meet in Kush. • It is important to remember that the six cataracts separated Egypt from Kush!!

7. Egyptian Government and Gods • The rulers in Egypt were called pharaohs. The word pharaoh actually means, “great house.” • Egyptians believed that the gods controlled everything that happened on earth. • Egyptians believed in POLYTHEISM, the belief in many gods. They thought that there were gods for everything, such as the god of harvest, the god of the Nile, etc. The most important god was the sun god, Ra. • The Egyptians believed that gods had the body of a human and the head of an animal.

8. Afterlife • Egyptians believed in the afterlife, or life after death. • They thought that they would enjoy all of the things that they loved in life, as long as they prepared for it. • Egyptians believed that the afterlife was much like regular life!! • Egyptians would mummify their pharaohs or wealthy people, in order to preserve them for the afterlife.

9. Egyptian Works of Art • Egyptians were very artistic!! They made tomb paintings, pyramids, and sphinxes. • They made their art in order to serve the KINGS!! • Their finest achievements of art were the tomb paintings. • The tomb paintings are where artists would tell about the daily life and deities of Egyptian culture. • The Egyptian pyramids were the tombs for the pharaohs. Once the pyramids were no longer made, pharaohs had their tombs cut into cliffs, which became known as the Valley of the Kings.

10. Egyptian Trading • Egypt traded with many different regions. • Egypt traded with the following in order to gain: • Spices=Punt • Timber=Countries on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea • Gold=Nubia and Punt, (The majority of the mines were in Nubia) • Ivory=Kush Remember this!!!! Make flash cards, quiz each other, or write it down over and over again!! 

11. Rulers: Hatshepsut and Ramses II • In the Egypt unit, we talked about two important pharaohs, Hatshepsut and Ramses II. • Hatsheptsut- • Hatshepsut was the only female pharaoh who held all of the titles of pharaoh. • She was able to take control of the Egyptian government because her nephew was too young to rule at the time. • Her reign was a time of peace and prosperity, or wealth. • Ramses II- • Ramses was a bit different than Hatshepsut because he was big on war. • He had four 67-foot stone statue likenesses and two temples built at Abu Simbel. • He had what color hair?? RED!!!!

12. Egypt and Kush • Trade brought the two land of Egypt and Kush together. • Kush was located along the Nile, south of Egypt. • Egypt would get many supplies from Kush, such as gold, cattle, copper, and ivory. • Kush took control over Egypt for some time. • The first Kushite pharaoh in Egypt was Shabaka. • When the Kushite pharaohs ruled in Egypt, they still had their scribes copy down Egyptian books. • Kush control of Egypt did not last forever. It ended when they were kicked out by the Assyrians, who had iron tools, which made the Kushites easily beatable. • Kush’s kingdom moved to Meroe, where they lived for some time; however, their final fall came when they were invaded by the Kingdom of Axum.

13. Egyptian Writing • The earliest Egyptian writing was called hieroglyphics!! • Hieroglyphics could not be read until the Rosetta Stone. • The Egyptians who did all of the writing were called scribes. It was their job to write down any and all information necessary.

14. Whiteboard Game!! • We will play a whiteboard game to prepare you for the Benchmark. • Remember, do not hold your whiteboard up until I say so!! 

15. #1 • What was the key to understanding hieroglyphics? • A. the Ten Commandments • B. the Dead Sea Scrolls • C. the Code of Hammurabi • D. the Rosetta Stone

16. #2 • The Assyrian soldiers easily defeated the Kushites because the Assyrian's weapons were made of • A. ivory • B. stone • C. bronze • D. iron

17. #3 • The Kush Empire was located • A. along the Nile south of Egypt • B. along the Nile near the Mediterranean Sea • C. along the Red Sea east of Nubia • D. at the source of the White Nile near Lake Victoria

18. #4 • During the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, painters covered the walls of tombs and temples with colorful scenes of • A. religious rituals and battles • B. famous pharaohs and battles • C. the deities and religious rituals • D. the deities and daily life

19. #5 • Egyptian works of art were done in order to • A. serve the gods • B. serve the kings • C. decorate the cities • D. trade for needed supplies

20. #6 • Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Sumerians all relied on floods for • A. transportation • B. the clay for writing tablets • C. a good harvest • D. the copper for tools

21. #7 • The cataracts of the Nile River separated Egypt from • A. India • B. Mesopotamia • C. Greece • D. Kush

22. #8 • Many Egyptian gods had • A. pyramids built to honor them • B. the body of a human and head of an animal • C. been pharaohs who became gods upon their death • D. pharaohs named after them

23. Any final questions about Ancient Egypt?!?!

24. Moving on to…Ancient Hebrews!! • I am going to put the test up on the board that you just took. • I want you to make sure you understand the correct answers!!

25. Beach Ball Game!! • We just reviewed the Ancient Hebrews, so now we will just do some practice questions. • If there are any questions about any of the content, definitely raise your hand and we will go over the content!! I want to make sure everyone understands all of the content and feels ready for the Benchmark!!

26. You can tell me where Abraham was leading his people once he brought them out of Mesopotamia. • Israel • You know what the covenant between Abraham and God began. • The Jewish religion • You can explain why Abraham first brought his people to Israel. • In order to practice their belief in one God monotheism. • You can tell me in what religion did the belief in fair treatment of all people come. • Judaism.

27. You can name the writing that rabbis made when they commented on the TORAH. • Mishnah • You can say which civilization was responsible for the entire destruction of Jerusalem and the exile of 15,000 Jewish prisoners. • Babylonians • You can name who the second temple of Jerusalem was destroyed by in 70 C.E. • Romans • You can name the laws that God gave Moses that set responsible behavior. • The Ten Commandments.

28. Whiteboard Game!! • Each half of the room will be a different team!! • Each team will take turns answering every other question. • As a team, you will have only 30 SECONDS to answer the question. • If you get a question correct, your team will gain 100 points. If you get a question incorrect, your team will lose 25 points. • I will pause after each question to make sure everyone understands!!

29. Team One • What teachings are contained in the writings of the Torah? • A. how to become a rabbi • B. ethical standards of behavior • C. respectful treatment of elders • D. how to achieve the "Middle Way"

30. Team Two • The Jews believed they were enslaved by the Babylonians because • A. the Babylonians wanted their land • B. the Babylonians feared the power of the Jewish god • C. their rulers had become too weak to protect them • D. they were not obeying God's law

31. Team One • Which of the following shows the Hebrew belief in the importance of study? • A. the great number of Jewish universities • B. the learning of the commentaries • C. the revolt of the Maccabees • D. the respect given to rabbis

32. Team Two • What happened as a result of the Israelite acceptance of the Ten Commandments as a code of behavior? • A. They started worshipping idols • B. They formed a covenant with God • C. They developed a system of writing • D. They accepted Jesus as their messiah

33. Team One • After the Diaspora, the Jewish people were scattered all over and had no homeland. They still felt connected because they • A. were all related • B. carried God's law with them • C. were being persecuted • D. were led by priests

34. Team Two • The last Jewish fort to be conquered by the Romans was • A. the Western Wall • B. Masada • C. Jerusalem • D. Mt. Sinai

35. Team One • What is the site of the temple in Jerusalem that was burned called today? • A. Masada • B. the Diaspora • C. the Wailing Wall • D. Judea

36. Team Two • The main accomplishment of David, the second king of the Israelites, was that he • A. brought together the tribes of Israel • B. began a royal building program • C. had the main temple of Jerusalem built • D. made treaties with the pharaohs of Egypt

37. Team One • In the covenant between Abraham and God, God promised to give to Abraham's descendants the land of • A. Egypt • B. Canaan • C. Mesopotamia • D. Arabia

38. Team Two • The journey of Moses and the Israelites from Egypt back toward Canaan was called the • A. Diaspora • B. Torah • C. Commandments • D. Exodus

39. Homework!! • STUDY FOR YOUR BENCHMARK!! • This weekend, be sure to: • Get plenty of rest. • Eat well. • Relax. • Study with friends, if possible!! • Study all of your notes. • Make flashcards!! • Come see me if you have ANY questions!! 