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TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION AND Comprehensive Performance Evaluations CPEs

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Presentation Material was Furnished by Several Members of the Center for Drinking Water Optimization (CDWO)What is the CDWO?Formed by Cooperative Agreements Between EPA and Two Universities: the U. of Colorado and the U. of Cincinnati. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Who are the Members of the CDWO?University of Colorado's Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (Scott, Joy)University of Cincinnati's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Jim)Proces9445

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TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION AND Comprehensive Performance Evaluations CPEs

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    1. 10/11/2011 TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION AND Comprehensive Performance Evaluations (CPEs) Presented by Rick Lieberman

    2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Presentation Material was Furnished by Several Members of the Center for Drinking Water Optimization (CDWO) What is the CDWO? Formed by Cooperative Agreements Between EPA and Two Universities: the U. of Colorado and the U. of Cincinnati

    3. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Who are the Members of the CDWO? University of Colorado’s Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (Scott, Joy) University of Cincinnati’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (Jim) Process Applications, Inc. Located in Ft. Collins, CO (Bob, Larry) EPA’s Technical Support Center located in Cincinnati, OH (Jon, Eric, Gwen, Rick)

    4. Optimized Water Treatment What is it? Why Pursue it? How to Accomplish it State-wide? Where do CPE’s Fit in?

    6. What is Treatment Optimization? Proactive Attitude Water Quality Focus Optimized Performance Targets Sedimentation - 1-2 NTU Filtration - < 0.1 NTU Post backwash - < 0.3 NTU for less than 15 minutes

    7. What is Treatment Optimization (con’t)? Use Existing Facilities Enhanced Staff Capability Maintain Long Term Process, Not End-Point Each Plant Is Unique

    8. Basis for 0.1 NTU Target AWWA Statement of Policy. 1968. Quality Goals for Potable Water, Journal AWWA, 60(12):1317 Goal of less than 0.1 unit of turbidity “There is evidence that freedom from disease organisms is associated with freedom from turbidity…” “Improved technology in the modern treatment processes makes this a completely practical goal.”

    9. Basis for 0.1 NTU Target (Con’t) Research by Patania (1996) Meeting filter effluent turbidity goal of 0.1 NTU most effective for cyst removal 3.4 - 5.1 log removal of Giardia 2.7 - 5.9 log removal of Cryptosporidium Increase in turbidity from <= 0.1 NTU to 0.3 NTU affected cyst removal (up to 1 log)

    10. Basis for 0.1 NTU Target (Con’t) Research and Full-scale Work by Nieminski (1995) Removal of cyst-size particles and turbidity effective indicators of cyst removal Consistent removal rates when producing water of low turbidity (0.1 - 0.2 NTU) 2.2 - 4 log Giardia 1.9 - 3 log Cryptosporidium Changes in performance resulted in high variability in cyst concentrations

    11. Why Optimize Treatment? Increase Public Health Protection Reduce Liability Enhance Staff Capability Facilitate Compliance

    12. Public Health Challenge - Giardia and Cryptosporidium Routinely Detected in Surface Waters Resistance to Conventional Disinfection Effective Removal Essential 0.1 NTU Indicator of Effective Removal

    13. Milwaukee, WI Disease Outbreak Diarrhea Onset & Max Plant Effluent Turbidity

    14. Liability Implications Disease Outbreaks Lead to Liability Concerns Compliance No Protection From Liability - Product Liability Sydney - Liability w/No Outbreak Compensation for lost income Senior managers fired Optimization = Insurance Policy Demonstrate Operating in Prudent Manner Critical

    15. Enhances Staff Capability Commitment and Tenacity Role in Public Health Protection Long Term Capability Process Control Skills Problem Solving Skills Respond to Unusual Conditions

    16. M/DBP Regulations 2001 - Systems > 10,000 IESWTR Stage 1 DBPs 2003 - Systems < 10,000 LT1ESWTR Stage 1 DBPs 2005 ? - Next Round of Reg Neg LT2ESTWR Stage 2 DBPs

    17. M/DBP Regulations (con’t) IESWTR Tighter combined turbidity - 0.3 NTU Individual filter monitoring Disinfection benchmarking Stage 1 DBPs Tighter MCLs THMs - 80 ?g/L New contaminant HAA5 - 60 ?g/L TOC removal - enhanced coagulation

    18. M/DBP Regulation Implications Operational Skills Critical Coagulation control for multiple objectives Turbidity and DBPs Concerned with individual filter performance Optimization Assures ESWTR Compliance Enhanced Capability for DBP Compliance

    19. How can a Primacy Agency Work with PWSs to Pursue Treatment Optimization? Implement an Area-Wide Optimization Program (AWOP)

    20. Are CPEs Needed at Each Plant?

    21. Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (CPE) Identifies the Unique Combination of Factors Limiting Treatment Plant Performance Substantial Effort: Minimum of 2 Evaluators for 2 - 3 Days (Depending on Plant Size) CTA Follows CPE to Achieve Optimized Performance

    22. AWOP Implementation Prioritizes Resources Based on Risk CPE is only one of several options available to improve plant performance Awareness Building Activities Data collection Activities Apply appropriate “tools” to improve treatment plant performance

    23. Area-Wide Optimization Model

    24. AWOP DEVELOPMENT & DEMONSTRATION Currently Working with: AL, GA, KY and SC along with EPA Region IV AR, LA, OK, NM along with EPA Region VI TNRCC PA DEP

    25. AWOP DEVELOPMENT & DEMONSTRATION (con’t) Currently Focused on Particle Removal for Surface Water Treatment Plants Expanding to Include Disinfection By-Product Control EPA Region 6 Expanding to Ground Water Systems

    26. Summary Optimization is a Choice Benefits are Compelling Pursue Area-Wide Optimization?

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