unit6

1. unit6 Ⅰ. Proverb Ⅱ. Objectives Ⅲ. Background knowledge Ⅳ. Presentation

2. Part12345 PartⅠ Listening & Speaking PartⅡ Reading PartⅢ Grammar PartⅣ Translation PartⅤ Writing

3. Preview To many people holidays are not voyages of discovery,but a ritual of reassurance. ~Philip Andrew Adams Life is a festival only to the wise. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson

4. 1. make, accept or refuse invitations in simple English. use sentence structures in the two texts and retell the main idea of the passages. 2. 4. 5. translate a sentence by correctly changing the clause order. make a greeting card. use noun clauses appropriately in given contexts. 3. Objectives After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to

5. Bgklg2fz Valentine’s Day April Fool’s Day

6. Bg_1-1 February 14 is Valentine’s Day. Although it is celebrated as a lovers’ holiday today, with the giving of candy, flowers, or other gifts between couples in love, it originated in 5th Century Rome as a tribute (礼物, 颂词) to St. Valentine, a Catholic bishop (主教). For eight hundred years prior to the establishment of Valentine’s Day, the Romans had practiced a pagan（异教徒的） celebration in mid-February commemorating young men’s rite of passage （通过仪式）to the god Lupercus. The celebration featured a lottery in which young men would draw the names of teenage girls from a box. The girl assigned to each young man in that manner would be his sexual companion during the remaining year.

7. Bg_1-21 In an effort to do away with the pagan festival, Pope Gelasius ordered a slight change in the lottery. Instead of the names of young women, the box would contain the names of saints. Both men and women were allowed to draw from the box, and the game was to emulate（仿效）the ways of the saint they drew during the rest of the year. Needless to say, many of the young Roman men were not too pleased with the rule changes. Instead of the pagan god Lupercus, the Church looked for a suitable patron saint of love to take his place. They found an appropriate choice in Valentine, who in AD 270 had been beheaded （斩首）by Emperor Claudius.

8. Bg_1-22 Claudius had determined that married men made poor soldiers. So he banned marriage from his empire. But Valentine would secretly marry young men that came to him. When Claudius found out about Valentine, he first tried to convert him to paganism. But Valentine reversed the strategy, trying instead to convert Claudius. When he failed, he was stoned and beheaded. During the days that Valentine was imprisoned, he fell in love with the blind daughter of his jailer. His love for her, and his great faith, managed to miraculously heal her from her blindness before his death. Before he was taken to his death, he signed a farewell message to her,“From your Valentine.” The phrase has been used on his day ever since.

9. Bg_1-3 Although the lottery for women had been banned by the church, the mid-February holiday in commemoration （纪念）of St. Valentine was still used by Roman men to seek the affection of women. It became a tradition for the men to give the ones they admired handwritten messages of affection, containing Valentine’s name. The first Valentine card grew out of this practice. The first true Valentine card was sent in 1415 by Charles, Duke of Orleans, to his wife. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London at the time. Cupid, another symbol of the holiday, became associated with it because he was the son of Venus, the Roman god of love and beauty. Cupid often appears on Valentine cards.

10. Bg_2-1 Unlike most of the other non-foolish holidays, the history of April Fool’s Day, sometimes called All Fool’s Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn’t a “first April Fool’s Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring. The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, the New Year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated （达到顶点）on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and New Year’s Day was moved to January 1.

11. Bg_2-2 However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate（顽固的）crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the New Year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as “fools” by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fool’s errands” or were made the butt of other practical jokes. This harassment evolved, over time, into a tradition of prank-playing（开玩笑，恶作剧）on the first day of April. The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American colonies of both the English and French. April Fool’s Day thus developed into an international fun festa, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.

12. part1 5fz Suggested teaching plan for listening and speaking Listening practice Speaking activities Language bank

13. s.t.p 1 Suggested teaching plan for listening and speaking

14. s.t.p 2

15. s.t.p 3

16. l.p z2 Short Conversations Situational Dialogues

17. l.p 1 Directions: You will hear two short conversations in this section. Each conversation will be spoken twice. Listen carefully and do the exercises. Task 1 Fill in the blanks with the words you hear in Conversation 1 A: Do you _______ going to see The Banquet tonight? B: __________very much.What time is it? A: At 7∶30. B: ______________shall we meet? A: How about 7∶30 at the entrance (入口处)? B: ____. See you then. feel like I’d like that When and where Fine

18. l.p 2 Task 2Listen to Conversation 2 and make the choices 1 Why does Tom call Kate? C A. He invites her to the cinema. B. He asks her for advice. C. He invites her to a party. D. He tells her a good news. 2 What kind of party is it? A A. A birthday party. B. A New Year party. C. A wedding party. D. A Christmas party. 3 When will the party be held? B A. At 6∶30 pm.this Friday evening.B. At 7 pm.this Friday evening.C. At 6∶30 pm.next Saturday evening.D. At 7 pm.next Saturday evening.

19. Listening script l.p 2-2 4 Where will the party take place? A A. At Tom’s house. B. At a club. C. At Tom’s school. D. At Kate’s home. 5 What does Tom hope Kate to bring? D A. Wine. B. Friends.C. Flower. D. Herself.

20. l.p li.s Tom: Hello Kate.It’s Tom speaking.I just received the invitation to your birthday party.Kate: Can you make it?Tom: Well,let’s see.It’s this Friday night,7∶00 pm.,at your house.Right?Kate: That’s right.I hope you can come.Tom: It would be my pleasure.Shall I bring anything?Kate: Just yourself.Tom: Ok,I’ll be there on time.I’m looking forward to it.Thanks for your invitation.Kate: See you then.Tom: See you.

21. l.p 4 - 1 Practice Directions: Suppose you(A) want to invite your friend Michael(B) to your place to have a cup of tea tonight. Complete the following conversation by filling in the blanks.

22. l.p 4 - 2 A: Will you be ____________ tonight? B: Yes. Have you got any plan? A: I was wondering if you could come over to have a cup of tea. B: _________. When is it convenient for you? A: __________8 o’clock? B: OK. ____________________and I’ll see you then. available/free I’d love to How about Thanks for your invitation

23. l.p 5 Directions: You will hear two situational dialogues in this section. Each dialogue will be spoken twice. Listen carefully and do the exercises. Task 1Listen to Dialogue 1 and answer the following questions 1 Who makes the invitation first in the dialogue?What are Frank and his friend going to do tonight?What music does Frank like? Frank. 2 They are going to hear a country-and-western singer. 3 He likes C & W music.

24. Listening script l.p 5-2 4 When will they meet? How will Mary go? They will meet around 8∶00. 5 She will be picked up by Frank.(or:Frank will pick her up.)

25. l.p li.s A: Hey,Mary, how about going to hear a country-and-western singer tonight? B: Hey, Frank,you’ve never told me you like C & W music. A: Haven’t I? I love it. B: I’d enjoy that. When shall we meet? A: I’ll pick you up around 8∶00. B: OK. Thanks for your invitation and I’ll see you then.

26. Listening script l.p 7 Task 2Listen to Dialogue 2 and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 1 Tom will have dinner with his friend at 6∶00 tonight. Tom will bring some flowers with him. Tom will be with a customer at 7∶00 tonight. Tom’s girl friend is a gardener. Tom has a garden. (F) 2 (T) 3 (F) 4 (F) (T) 5

27. l.p li.s A: Why don’t you have dinner with me tonight, Tom?B: I’d love to.A: Let’s say about 6∶00?B: I am sorry. I will be with a customer at 6∶00.A: How about 7∶00?B: It’s fine with me. What shall I bring?A: Bring me some flowers if you feel it necessary. Anyway, you don’t have to. B: I will bring some flowers from my own garden. A: Thanks. See you at 7∶00.B: By the way, shall I bring my girl friend with me?A: Your girl friend? B: Yeah, she is a teacher in a primary school. A: Of course, you can. B: See you and thanks for your invitation.

28. l.p 13 Practice Directions: Suppose you(A)are President of Students’ Union. Try to invite a famous professor(B)to give a lecture on Cultural Differences. Complete the following dialogue by filling in the blanks.

29. l.p 14 A: It’s so nice to see you again, Professor. B: Me,too. Long time no see. _________________?A: I am fine. How long will you stay in Beijing this time, Professor?B: I am supposed to give 2 lectures to some teachers this week,then I am going to Xi’an next Wednesday. A: The students are so glad to know you are here. __________________if you could give them a lecture some time. B: About what?A: About cultural differences. You must be very experienced in dealing with cultural differences since you’ve been to so many countries. B: Let me see. __________this Friday afternoon?A: Friday afternoon is fine._________?B: Will 2 o’clock be OK?A: Great! _________so much, Professor. How have you been I was just wondering How about What time Thank you

30. s.a 1f Activity 1 Activity 2

31. s.a 1 Directions: Work in pairs. Study the situational dialogues carefully and imitate their theme, sentence patterns and styles trying to use the following sentence patterns.

32. s.a 2 Directions: Work in pairs. Please make up your own dialogues based on the following situations, and you may refer to the sentences in Language bank. Situation 1: You invite your foreign teacher to go to the Great Wall this weekend, but he can’t go because he has made plans to go to the Temple of Heaven with his friends. He suggests going to the Great Wall next weekend.Situation 2: Your classmates are going to have a party to celebrate New Year’s Day. You go to your teacher’s office to ask him/her to join you.

33. l.b 6fz Making an invitation Accepting an invitation Refusing an invitation

34. 1 lb Would you like to go swimming tonight? Would you be interested in seeing a film tonight? I hope you can come over this Saturday. Will you go fishing with me this weekend? Would you come over to my place this weekend? You and your friends must come over some time. 今晚想去游泳吗？ 今晚想去看电影吗？ 希望你这周六能过来。 这个周末你能和我去钓鱼吗？ 这周末我能请你来我家做客吗？你和你的朋友有时间一定过来。

35. 1 lb2 How/What about going to my place and have a cup of tea this evening? Would you join us...?/It would be nice if you /could join us. I’d like to invite you to see a film tonight. Do you feel like going to the Great Wall this weekend? I was wondering if you would like to come over this weekend. 今晚去我家喝杯茶如何？ 你和我们一块去……怎么样？ 如果你能和我们一起就太好了。我想邀请你今晚去看电影。 这周末你想去长城吗？这周末你能过来吗？

36. 2 lb 可以，谢谢。当然，我非常乐意。是的，谢谢。/好的，非常感谢。 好的。什么时间？/当然可以。什么时间？谢谢你，你真好。 谢谢你的邀请。 我非常乐意接受。 Oh yes, thank you.Of course, I’ll be glad/delighted to. Yes, thank you./OK. Thank you very much. OK. When？/Sure. What time? Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.Thank you very much for your invitation. I’d be delighted to.

37. 3 lb I’d like/love to, but my mother is coming today. I’m sorry, but I can’t. Thanks for asking me, but I’m afraid I can’t. I’d love to, but I’m sorry I can’t. I wish I could, but I’ve been engaged. Not really, thanks all the same. I can’t, I’m afraid. I hate to turn you down, but I don’t really think I can. I appreciate your invitation, but I’m afraid I can’t. That’s very kind of you. I’m afraid I couldn’t make it because I don’t feel well today. 我很乐意去，但是我妈妈今天要来。很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。 谢谢你邀请我，但恐怕我不能接受。我很乐意去，但很抱歉，我不能去。 我希望我能去，但是我已经有约了。 说实话我去不了，谢谢你。 恐怕我不能接受。 我真不想拒绝你，但我真的不能接受。 谢谢你邀请我，但恐怕我不能接受。 谢谢你的好意。恐怕我不能接受你的邀请，因为我今天感觉不舒服。

38. Patr2 Text A Text B Culture Tips Learning Tips

39. Task A Suggested teaching plan for Text A Pre-reading task Text A Activities

40. A s.t.p 1 Suggested teaching plan for Text A

41. A s.t.p 2

42. A s.t.p 3

43. Pre-reading 1. How many Chinese festivals do you know? What are they? 2. How many western festivals do you know? What are they? 3. How do people celebrate Halloween?

44. 译文 译文 z.w 1 The Custom of Halloween The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840’s by Irishimmigrantsfleeing their country’s potato famine. The custom of trick-or-treatingis thought to have originated not withthe Irish Celts, but with a ninth-century European custom named Souling. On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for“soul cakes”,made out ofsquare pieces of bread with currants. The more soul cakes the beggars would receive, the more prayers they would promise to say on behalf ofthe dead relativesof the donors. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expeditea soul’s passage to heaven.

45. 译文 z.w 1-1 The Jack-o-lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named Jack, who was notoriousas a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree’s trunk, trappingthe devilup the tree. Jack made a deal withthe devil that, if he would never tempthim again, he would promise to let him down the tree. According tothe folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because ofhis evil ways, but he was also denied access toHell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single emberto light his way through the frigiddarkness. The ember was placed inside a hollowed-outturnipto keep it glowing longer.

46. 译文 译文 z.w 2 The Irish used turnips as their “Jack’s lanterns” originally. But when the immigrants came to America, they found that pumpkinswere far more plentifulthan turnips. So the Jack-o-lantern in America was a hollowed-out pumpkin. Today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids.

47. 解析 zw1-j.x 该句是一个被动语态的句子。英语被动语态的构成：主语 ＋be＋动词的过去分词。如：She was always laughed at because of her short hair. 由于头发太短，她老被别人嘲笑。　fleeing their country’s potato famine.为现在分词短语。英语中现在分词和过去分词在句子中的作用相当于形容词或副词。现在分词和过去分词的选择主要根据分词及其逻辑主语的关系而定。如果分词及其逻辑主语的关系为主动关系，就用现在分词。如果分词及其逻辑主语的关系为被动关系就用过去分词。如：Having finished her homework, Mary went out to play. 写完作业后，Mary出去玩了。　Mary和finish的关系为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。如：Beaten by his father, he cried. 父亲打了他，他哭了。句中he和beat的关系为被动关系，所以用过去分词。　

48. 译文 zw1-y.w 十九世纪四十年代，爱尔兰的移民逃离国内的 马铃薯饥荒，于是把万圣节的习俗传入了美国。

49. 解析 zw2-j.x1 On November 2, All Souls Day, early Christians would walk from village to village begging for “soul cakes”,made out of square pieces of bread with currants. 该句中begging for “soul cakes”为现在分词短语，是walk 的伴随动作，其逻辑主语为early Christians。made out of square pieces of bread with currants为过去分词短语做定语，修饰soul cakes，其逻辑主语为soul cakes。

50. 解析 zw2-j.x2 At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death, and that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul’s passage to heaven. 此句中有两个that引导的主语从句，that the dead remained in limbo for a time after death和 that prayer, even by strangers, could expedite a soul’s passage to heaven。