Hachim Haddouti Hachim@haddouti.de Munich, Germany

1. Transparency of Administrative Structures – eGovernment? Hachim Haddouti Hachim@haddouti.de Munich, Germany

2. Agenda • Motivation • „Definition“ & Scope • Opportunities and Issues • Status in Europe • Some European Projects • Conclusion & Discussion

3. Motivation • Transparency in administrative processes is imperative • Pressure of New Public Management Foreign • Investment need speedy reaction • Inclusion instead of exclusion • speaking the same language as other high developed countries (platform, cooperation)

4. Definition • eGovernment deliver public services online, and not in-line, by using new technologies to enhance participation in the democratic process • E-government promises to make government service-oriented, reliable, innovative, more efficient, responsive, transparent and legitimate. • Limitation to eCommerce/eBusiness

5. Scope of eGov Citizens Businesses • Income taxes • Job search • Social security benefits • Personal documents • Car registration • Application for building permission • Declaration to the police • Public libraries • Birth & marriage certificates • Enrolment in higher education • Announcement of moving • Health-related services • Social contribution for employees • Corporate tax • VAT • Registration of a new company • Submission of statistical data • Customs declaration • Environment-related permits • Public procurement

6. Levels of eGovernment • Information services (one-way interaction): government information via static and database-based web pages to citizens, tourists, businesses, and other users. • Communication services (two-way interaction): collaborative technology such as e-mail, discussion forums and chat to facilitate dialog, participation and feedback in planning and policy-making procedures. • Transaction services (full electronic case handling): online forms, document/content management, workflow and payment, such as applying for social benefits, file tax returns, registering cars, filing address changes. This requires sophisticated and well adopted technologies, e.g. digital signature, smart cards.

7. Opportunities • The information technology is promoting e-government in different ways: • Deliver electronic public services: a single point of access, 24/7. • Move from exclusion to inclusion, from passivity to active participation, from apathy to activism. • long-life learning • Foster economic development (developing local skills, setting up the suitable platform, policies and regulations for eBusiness, e.g. digital signature. • Citizens are customers: customer relationships --> citizen re-gain their trust and confidence in the public sector. • e-Government can lead to direct democracy, social control, interactions, de-bureaucratization and transparency.

8. Issues: No Money! No eGov? Lack the in-house expertise and project management skills: • Public private partnership could help. Government will be partnering with the private sector to quickly and efficiently implement solutions such as government portals. (example of Microsoft Passport) • Partnering of these governments with the European Union is also of high interest in order to accelerate their common business and administrative processes.

9. Ethical Impact • IT has an effect on responsibility as well as democracy. IT changes distributions of power, money, rights, or obligations. • Computers and IT sometimes change the distribution of power in an undesirable way. People with power over information also dominate democracies. • the traditionally poor now also become the information poor and are increasingly separated. • The increasing domination of the Internet by commercial interests which then threaten to dominate democracy as well. • Other usual ethical problems such as privacy, intellectual property, surveillance, quality of data etc, all of which can threaten the legitimacy of democracy.

10. Status in Europe FOUR PUBLIC SERVICE CLUSTERS 1. Income-generating services Financial flows from citizens and businesses to the government (mainly taxes and social contributions) 2. Registration Recording object- or person-related data in official registers due to administrative obligations (eg. Car registration, registration of a new company) 3. Returns Public services given to citizens and businesses in return for taxes and contributions (eg. Social security benefits, public libraries) 4. Permits & Licenses Documents delivered by governmental bodies, which allow you to drive, to travel, to build a house,… Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

11. Surevy Results Results: (2) service content FOUR PUBLIC SERVICE CLUSTERS 1. Income-generating services 2. Registration Survey average: 45% Cluster average: 62% Cluster average: 44% 3. Returns 4. Permits & Licenses Cluster average: 40% Cluster average: 33% Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

12. 1. Income-generating services Best scoring service: Income taxes Ministero dell'economia e delle finanze ITALY http://www.agenziaentrate.it Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

13. Results: (2) service content 2. Registration Best scoring service: Registration of a new company Ministério da Justiça http://www.dgrn.mj.pt PORTUGAL Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

14. 3. Returns Best scoring service: Job search services Public procurement VDAB http://www.vdab.be FOREM BELGIUM http://www.hotjob.be Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

15. 4. Permits & Licenses Best scoring service: Personal documents OASIS http://www.oasis.gov.ie IRELAND Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

16. Example 1: Coordinated eGovernment solutions Example: www.service-public.fr (portal site for citizens) eGovernment solutions Source: Cap Gemini Ernst & Young Study

17. Example 2:EUROCITIES • EUROCITIES wants to ensure that urban affairs are placed high on the European Union’s policy agenda: Most decisions taken at EU level affect cities and their citizens (making their voices heard). • EUROCITIES wants to promote transnational cooperation projects between its member cities across Europe: facilitate their coordination and help provide access to EU-funding. • EUROCITIES wants to foster a networking spirit amongst Europe’s large cities: whilst having different cultural, socio-economic and political realities they share common challenges and solutions. • http://www.eurocities.org

18. Example 3: E-Governance: The Case of the Finnish Parliament • The most important document management project in the Finnish public administration ever for Better services for the citizens. • Project Partner: University of Jyväskylä, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Justice , Prime Minister’s Office, and a publishing house • The effects of the standardization have concerned documents, document production, archiving practices, information distribution, and inter-organisational collaboration. • Standardization of parliamentary documents based on SGML/XML (DTD for 21 document types in both official languages Finnish and Swedish) • Savings in Printing cost 40-50 %, improved the accessibility of information and thus supports democracy and transparency of governance

19. Example 4: eVote: Practical Electronic Large Scale Elections • The primary aim of this project is to create a secure and cost-efficient electronic balloting system that makes it possible for voters to vote from their PCs at home. • Traditional election systems are costly, inefficient and error prone. Consider for example the US presidential election! • the most important requirements on an election: correctness, valid voters and anonymity of the voter • Electronic Election Systems: an election protocol system by using traditional cryptographic primitives like encryption, commitments, and computational proofs. • SICS: http://www.sics.se/arc/evote.html

20. Summary • eGov is in principle nothing new, but an interesting, or maybe imperative application • Start small: no big ban! Quick Win • Look at partnerships with industry, with most developed countries, at funding programs of EU and other organization • Think of all issues (organizational, social, ethical, legal, technical etc.), also of back-offices • Remember: online and not in-line!

21. Gracias Merci Danke Thank you