1 / 12

Central Nervous Stimulants

Central Nervous Stimulants. Classifications Analeptic Resp. Stimulant (Doxapram) Amphetamine (Dexadrine) Xanthine Derivatives Anorectic Agents (Sanorex, Dextrim) Stimulants for Attention Deficit Disorder -Methylphenidate (Ritalin) -Pemoline (Cylert).

beryl
Download Presentation

Central Nervous Stimulants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Central Nervous Stimulants Classifications • Analeptic Resp. Stimulant (Doxapram) • Amphetamine (Dexadrine) • Xanthine Derivatives • Anorectic Agents (Sanorex, Dextrim) • Stimulants for Attention Deficit Disorder -Methylphenidate (Ritalin) -Pemoline (Cylert)

  2. Respiratory Stimulants(Analeptics) • Used to antagonize respiratory depression caused by overdosage with CNS depressants; Doxapram • Act on respiratory center in the brain stem as well as on peripheral carotid chemoreceptors to increase the depth and rate of respiration • Doxapram: use/reversal of post anesthetic respiratory depression or apnea (except due to muscle relaxants such as Anectine)

  3. Analeptics: Doxapram (cont.) • Side effects: also stimulate other centers causing CV stimulation, vomiting, hyperreflexia. Narrow safety margin • Given IV compatible with D5W, D10W, and N.S. (precipitates in alkaline forms. Overdose: greater than 3 GM/24 hours • Nursing: Baseline pulse, BP & deep tendon reflexes and monitor arterial blood gases. Close observation and frequent monitoring

  4. Amphetamines • Dextroamphetamine, Methamphetamine, Cocaine • General • Produce mood elevation or euphoria • Increase mental alertness and capacity for work • Decrease fatigue and drowsiness and prolong wakefulness • Produce tolerance and psychological dependence • Schedule II drugs • High abuse potential: used at “Raves”, by truck drivers, athletes, dieters • Treatment: Narcolepsy Sleep Disorder

  5. Nursing Implications • Amphetamines • Observe closely for signs of tolerance • Monitor for Drug Interactions • Teaching • Last dose 6 hr. before bed • Caution with machinery • Post-stimulatory depression may occur • Diabetics: may alter insulin or dietary requirements • Habit forming: caution patients • Legal implications: abused by students, truck drivers • Athletes used in treatment of Narcolepsy Sleep Disorder

  6. Xanthine DerivativesCaffeine • Cafergot (ergotamine + caffeine), NoDoz, Quick Prep, Vivarin, Excedrine, Vanquish, Midol, Mountain Dew • Xanthine derivative week CNS stimulant, smooth-muscle relaxant, vasodilator, diuretic and myocardial stimulant • Uses • Reduces fatigue and increases sensory awareness (orally) • Treatment of mild to moderate respiratory depression • Pain relief associated with vascular headaches (migraines) • Constricts cerebral vessels • Or spinal puncture • Common side effects • Nervousness, insomnia, gastric irritation

  7. Caffeine (continued) • Interactions • May cause hypertensive reaction with MAOI • Increase in CNS stimulation caused by oral contraceptives, Tagmet • Smoking may increase elimination of caffeine • Withdrawal Symptoms • Headaches withdraw slowly

  8. Anorectic Agents • Diethylpropion Tenuate, Tepano; Fenfluramine, Pondamine, Phentermine, lonamin; Phenylpropranolamine, Acutrim, Dexatrim • Primarily indicated for the temporary adjunctive management of obesity in conjunciton with a carefully supervised program of diet and exercise • Psychological & Physical Dependence • Prescription only except for Acutrim/Dexatrim (OTC)Fenfluramine; used investigationally in treating autistic children with elevated serotonin levels • Side effects: nervousness, irritability, insomnia, palpitations

  9. Stimulants for Attention Deficit Disorder • Methylphenidate (Ritaline) Pemoline (Cylert) • CNS stimulant similar to amphetamine, but having a more marked effect on mental rather than physical or motor activities at normal doses • Potential for habituation and psychological addiction • Adjunct in the therapy of ADD in children and Narcolepsy • Benefit of Cylert and Ritaline-SR: dose once per day • Side effects • Nervousness, insomnia • Children: anorexia, mild weight loss, tachycardia

  10. Outcomes • The client will: • Maintain normal body weight & height • Demonstrate increased attentiveness • Continue normal growth and development • Experiences restful • Will be free of cardiac Sx • Maintain positive self-esteem • Remains compliant with drug regimen • Appear less anxious • Maintain normal vital signs

  11. Patient Teaching • Avoid other sources of CNS stimulants • Take med exactly as prescribed • Avoid taking OTC prep. Unless approved by doctor • Keep log of daily activities • Refrain from drinking alcohol • Do not step drug abruptly: withdrawal • Take at least 6 hrs. prior to bedtime • If taking for obesity; take 30-45 min before meals for dry mouth suck or candy, chew gum…

  12. Nursing Diagnosis • Altered nutrition RT drugs effect (anorexia) • Altered sleep patterns RT drugs effects (insomnia) • Risk for altered cardiac output RT palpitations and tachycardia • Anxiety RT drug effects • Knowledge Deficit RT lack of information about drug regimen (tolerance)

More Related