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Susan Stieve Seed Crop Curator Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center The Ohio State University

Regeneration of Cross-pollinated Herbaceous Ornamentals. Susan Stieve Seed Crop Curator Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center The Ohio State University. Main Issues. Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC) Germination Isolation and pollination in greenhouse and field

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Susan Stieve Seed Crop Curator Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center The Ohio State University

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  1. Regeneration of Cross-pollinated Herbaceous Ornamentals Susan Stieve Seed Crop Curator Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center The Ohio State University

  2. Main Issues • Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC) • Germination • Isolation and pollination in greenhouse and field • X-ray-assisted seed cleaning • Monitoring stored seed

  3. The OPGC • Currently over 260 genera • 2 Curatorial Teams: Seed and Clonal • Seed-propagated species include • Annuals, biennials, perennials • Seed dormancy • Cold tolerance • Day length requirements • Vernalization • Cultural requirements (pH, watering, media, fertilizer) • Technical Working Groups for 30 major genera • 6 full-time staff, many Ohio State undergraduate students (currently 11) and volunteers (6) • Currently writing operations manual

  4. Germination • Typical sowing • 2 layers of 4” square blue blotter paper • Anchor Paper Company 1.800.652.9755 • Germination boxes 4-5/16” square, 1-3/8” high • Pioneer Plastics Prod. No. 156-C • 1.800.951.1551, www.pioneerplastics.com • Sow seed in the “lid” • Percival germinators • Model GR-36L, $13,000 • www.percival-scientific.com

  5. Germination • Germination protocol may not be in AOSA, ISTA • Dormancy breaking • If no germination within 3 weeks of sowing germination boxes are placed at 40o F for 8 weeks • “Move-along” experiments by Baskin and Baskin mimic natural environmental changes • Have not tried KNO3 or GA • Will try sand and/or fungicides (Thiram) for rot control

  6. Germination Box Percival Greenhouse sowing, plugs Transplanting

  7. Seed Production • Hand pollination tedious, expensive • Necessary for some accessions (Petunia) • Field isolation cages (60%) • Greenhouse compartments effective for year-round seed production (40%) • 14,000 ft2 • 11 - 20’ x 30’ compartments • Insects including honey bees, blue bottle flies, and bumblebees have been successfully used

  8. Field Cages-Screens • 7’ x 7’ x 21’ cages • Screen 14 x 18 mesh, amber color • SI Industries, GA • 1.800.341.8974 • $520 per cage incl. screen, frame (2004) • Redwood Empire Awning, CA • 707.588.9900 • $463 per cage incl. screen, frame (2004) • Velcro or zipper door

  9. Field Cages-Frame • SI screen frame • ½” galvanized schedule 40 pipe • Pipes per cage • 21’ - 4 pieces • 7’ – 9 pieces • Kee Klamps per cage • 10-4, qty. 4 • 20-4, qty. 4 • 21-4, qty. 2 • 45-4, qty. 2 • Components purchased locally to save on shipping costs

  10. Field Cages-Frame • Redwood screen frame • 1” Schedule 40 galvanized pipe (1-3/8” OD) • Pipes per cage, purchased locally • 21’ – 2 pieces • 7’ – 4 pieces • Fittings purchased from Redwood • 3-way – 4 per cage • 4-way – 2 per cage

  11. Transplanting Field mulch, irrigation Bury screen Add pollinator at flowering

  12. HID lights, mist Argus environmental control Vernalization, 40o F Capillary Mat

  13. Pollinators • Honey Bees • $40/hive/season, OSU Honey Bee Lab • Short-lived in confinement • Difficult to move • Blue Bottle Flies • $5/1700 pupae from Forked Tree Ranch • 208.267.2632 • www.forkedtreeranch.com • Accidental pollinator • Good for flat flower morphologies

  14. Dead honey bees in greenhouse Honey Bees Blue Bottle Fly Blue Bottle Fly on Rudbeckia

  15. Pollinators • Bumblebees • $100 Research “B” class hive, 100 bees • Koppert 734.641.3763, www.koppert.com • Biobest via Plant Products Co. 905.793.7000, www.plantprod.com • Biobest has a good “Side Effects Manual” of pesticide compatibility • Hive good for 6-8 weeks in field or greenhouse • Easy to move, no maintenance • Work well for all plant species

  16. Bumblebees Protect cardboard hive from water Antirrhinum

  17. X-ray-Assisted Seed Cleaning • Faxitron • $64,000 • produces digital images in about 20 seconds

  18. X-ray of Rudbeckia sp. Pre-blowing Post-blowing

  19. X-ray of Ambrosia sp. Pre-blowing Post-blowing

  20. Seed Monitoring • Currently over 5,000 accessions at OPGC, collection will continue to grow • Would need to do about 14 germination tests per week to test each lot once every 7 years • Need to develop species guidelines • Cooler (4o C, 25% RH) or freezer (-18o C)? • Okay for 20 years at -18o C? • Variable schedule? • Rudbeckia first test 10 years, retest in 5 years • Impatiens first test in 2 years, retest yearly

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