Detailed Design Review P11451

1. Detailed Design Review P11451 Cook Stove Test Stand Group February 4th 2011 David Sam (ME) Huseyin Zorba (ISE) Phillip Amsler (ME)

2. Agenda • Project Inputs • Bill of Materials • Modifications to Test Stand • Project Outputs • Issues

3. DESIGN INPUTS

4. Customer Needs

5. Engineering Specifications

6. System Level Work

7. System Level Work

8. Fish Bone

9. Risk List

10. Integrated Test Strategy • Performed 1 Comparison Test • Boiling Times were found for 3 different stoves • The data outputs are shared among PM’s • New Tests are scheduled for the following days • Flow Rate • Skirt Size • Pot Shape

11. Bill of Materials

12. DESIGN OUTPUTS

13. Proposed Test Stand

14. Modifications on Test Stand SET-UP TIME≈ 5 MINUTES

15. Modifications for Measurement • OLD • NEW

16. Modifications for Measurement OLD NEW

17. Improved Functionality • New thermocouple mount • New steel mount to replace previous wooden mount. Mount is also insulated to reduce impact of ambient temperatures on water temperature readings. • Test stand now has two handles and larger wheels to provide easier transportation. • Test stand can be transported by one user and is very durable.

18. Improved Mass Measurements • By sealing openings in the bottom of the test stand, “noise” in mass measurements have been improved. The impact of wind has a substantially smaller impact on the test stand. Mass measurements from Stovetec stove support the test stand improvements.

19. Installation of CO monitor • New monitor has been installed in the exhaust stream of the test stand. • It allows USB interface to recover data instead of burdening tester with recording data every minute.

20. Design Calculations

21. Convective Heat Transfer • Assume Stove is a cylinder D~15”, H~20”A=.6m2 • h (air free convection) range 5-10 W/m2K • Use 10 for conservative value • Ts~600°C • T∞ range -10°C to 30°C • q=h*A*(Ts-T∞) • Hot q=3420W • Cold q=3660W • Δq =240W or ~5% of total output of stove (using 5kW output) q Stove q q

22. Radiation Heat Transfer • Use area and temperatures from previous • Ts~600°C=873K • T∞ range -10°C to 30°C=263K to 303K • A=.6m2 • Assume Steel (ξ=.07) • q=σ*ξ*A*(Ts4-T∞4) • σ=5.6703E-8 W/m2K4 • Hot q=1363W • Cold q=1372W • Δq=9W or ~.2% of total output of stove (using 5kW output) q Stove q q

23. Turbulent Air Flow *inert picture of Anemometer in Chimney

24. Turbulent Air Flow Cont.

25. Volumetric Flow Calculation Numerical Integration Uniform Flow Assumption

26. CO Output dA • When given ppmvs. time take integral using differential area with trapezoid method.

27. CO continued • After integrating and taking sum of differential areas, then units = ppm*min • Using standard air 1ppm CO=1.23mg CO per m3 air. • ppm is a mass concentration of CO compared to the fluid it is in. • Finally convert 204 CFM to5.777 m3 /min • Then dA d(ppm) dt

28. Analysis

29. CO

30. CO • In a water boil test, CO emissions should be lowest during the simmer phase, however during these three tests there is a spike or “noise” during the simmer phase in all three instances. • Hypothesis– Charcoal is shifting position during the simmer phase, creating abnormalities in CO emissions. • Test – Place stove in test stand and record emission data for Stovetec stove during combustion without pot of water. Every five minutes, stir charcoal around in stove and after recovering CO data from logger, determine if at every 5 minute interval there was a significant shift in CO emissions.

31. Water Temperature

32. Water • When boiling water, a temperature between 99-100 oC should be reached to accurately determine boiling point. • Hypothesis – cold ambient temperature is impacting the thermocouple’s accuracy when collecting temperature data. The thermocouple can be modeled as a fin as heat is lost from the tip of the wire inserted into the water to the base of the thermocouple where temperature is read. • Test – With new insulated thermocouple, boil a pot of water and move the thermocouple to various locations in the pot, not just the center of the pot and observe any differences in temperature. Also note if water actually reaches 100 oC against a non-insulated thermocouple.

33. Weight-Before

34. Weight-After

35. Combined Data

36. Efficiency

37. Data Comparison

38. Issues

39. Particulate Matter Optical Light Scattering Monitoring Method Gravimetric Pump and Filter Method Through a gravimetric pump, particulate matter from a sample of the air stream is collected onto a filter. Filter is tared before measurements occur and then weighed after to obtain a total particulate mass measurement for a whole water boil test. Does not provide real time results and difficult to set up a system to determine emissions during different phases of testing. Tends to be more of a quantitative test, comparing one stove to another within our own test stand instead of benchmarking against published data. • Most accurate way to test emissions through light scattering monitors. Data can be benchmarked and compared with published water boil data from established laboratories. • Can provide real-time results, used to analyze particulate emissions during each phase of the water boil test. • Very expensive and systems can be very fragile. • Depending on light scattering device, may need to take passive measurements through sampling air from the exhaust stream.

40. Light Scattering Method • SensidyneNephelometer • Provides real time results • Data logging, internal pump, selective sample rates • Operating temperature, 0 – 50 Celsius • $2,750.00

41. Gravimetric Pump and Filter Method • AirmetricsMiniVol Users Guide • Create a sample stream from exhaust and measure PM emissions • Weigh the PM collected onto filters • Quantitative method to compare stove emissions within our own test stand

42. Particulate Matter Testing • Optical Light Scattering Monitoring Method • Most accurate way to test emissions through light scattering monitors. Data can be benchmarked and compared with published water boil data from established laboratories. • Can provide real-time results, used to analyze particulate emissions during each phase of the water boil test. • Very expensive and systems can be very fragile. • Depending on light scattering device, may need to take passive measurements through sampling air from the exhaust stream. • Gravimetric Pump and Filter Method • Through a gravimetric pump, particulate matter from a sample of the air stream is collected onto a filter. • Filter is tared before measurements occur and then weighed after to obtain a total particulate mass measurement for a whole water boil test. • Does not provide real time results and difficult to set up a system to determine emissions during different phases of testing. • Tends to be more of a quantitative test, comparing one stove to another within our own test stand instead of benchmarking against published data.

43. Error Testing and Benchmarking • Test a range of stoves to get an idea of variability from wind, humidity, stove size, temperature, and other variabilitys. • Test other stoves (i.e.. Rebar) for emissions • Compare to published WBT data • Check if test stand has systematic or arbitrary errors • If test is successfully repeatable then we will know how the P11461 stove compares.

44. Questions?