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Photo by James E. Appleby, University of Illinois

Module 3B: Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program. Presented by: Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS. Photo by James E. Appleby, University of Illinois. Why Should We Be Concerned about the Emerald Ash Borer?. Killed tens of millions of ash trees already.

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Photo by James E. Appleby, University of Illinois

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  1. Module 3B:Vermont Forest Pest First Detector Program Presented by: Rhonda Mace USDA-APHIS Photo by James E. Appleby, University of Illinois

  2. Why Should We Be Concerned about the Emerald Ash Borer? Killed tens of millions of ash trees already. New forest openings provide prime habitat for invasive plants. Ash is a commodity wood product. Important part of the northeast ecosystem. Healthy ash trees are susceptible. Current infestations of concern: eastern NY and Quebec, Canada.

  3. EAB Hosts White Ash Seeds Green Ash Black Ash

  4. Current U.S. Distribution • Detection Timeline: • 2002-Detroit, Michigan • 2003-Ohio • 2004-Northern Indiana • 2006-Northern Illinois and Maryland • 2007- Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia • 2008-Wisconsin, Missouri and Virginia • 2009-Minnesota, New York and Kentucky • 2010-Iowa and eastern NY • 2011-West Point and Selkirk, NY • **Canada has also reported that EAB has been detected in Ontario and Quebec catalog.kohavt.org

  5. Why is EAB Difficult to Control? • EAB adults are relatively strong fliers • Small and difficult to detect early • Human facilitated movement of the pest • Ash tree nursery stock • Infested ash logs or firewood *Shipments of ash nursery trees and ash logs with bark are now regulated, and transporting firewood outside of the quarantined areas is illegal, but transport of infested firewood remains a problem.

  6. Emerald Ash Borer Life Cycle

  7. Reproduction 1. Lay eggs shortly after emergence (May-August). 2. Eggs are light yellow color, oval-shaped. Laid individually on bark surface or in bark crevices on trunks or branches. 3. 30-60 eggs during lifetime. 4. Hatch in 7 to 10 days.

  8. Larvae Larvae bore through bark to feed on phloem and cambium. Larvae form S-shaped tunnels that are flat and wide and packed with frass. Mature larvae ~1” long, creamy white, flat and broad-shaped body with bell shaped segments. Overwinter under bark.

  9. Pupae Larvae enter the pupal stage in spring. Remain under bark as they pupate. Adults emerge from the tree once pupation is complete.

  10. Adult Beetle Adults emerge from tree through D-shaped exit holes (May throughout summer). Live about 20 days. Bright metallic green with rounded bellies and flat backs (bullet shaped). ~1/2” in length and about 1/16th” wide.

  11. Commonly Confused with EAB • Six-spotted tiger beetle • Ground dwelling beetle • White spots on back edge of wing covers • Two-lined chestnut borer • Bronze –black with two distinct lines down each wing cover • Found on oak species

  12. Congratulations! You have now completed Module 3B. Please return to the First Detector Resource webpage at www.vtinvasives.org and complete the Module 3B Quiz. Rhonda Mace Rhonda.j.mace@aphis.usda.gov 802-828-4546

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