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BHSP British Historical Statistics Project

BHSP British Historical Statistics Project. BHSP: Modern Statistics (illustrated mainly through Agriculture) Michael Turner (University of Hull). Today’s Exercise. To review the single sector of Agriculture

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BHSP British Historical Statistics Project

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  1. BHSP British Historical Statistics Project BHSP: Modern Statistics (illustrated mainly through Agriculture) Michael Turner (University of Hull) Michael Turner

  2. Today’s Exercise To review the single sector of Agriculture • Comparing Mitchell (1988) with Agrarian History of England & Wales (AHEW) Vol. VII, (2000) • To identify some overlaps & differences • To indicate what has been added more recently To identify some new sources outside agriculture • By knocking on the doors of our colleagues Michael Turner

  3. An Audit of AgricultureMitchell in the light of AHEW Vol. VII Source Dates Pages Tables Other Mitchell 1697-1980 56 21 (6 script) AHEW (VII) 1850-1914 382 104 32 maps (65 script) 55 graphs The next 3 slides compare the detail in Mitchell from his 21 tables with the details from AHEW and indicating the differences and some of the latest additions to our knowledge Michael Turner

  4. Mitchell AHEW New mid 19th C – 1980 c.1850-1914 • Crop acres (GB 1867-1980) yes (to 1914) county dist • Crop acres (Ireland 1847-1980) county dist • Wheat yields (E&W 1884-1980) yes (better?) TBA (2001)* • Production (GB) yes (better?) Paul Brassley • Production (Ireland) better? • Livestock no (GB) yes county dist • Livestock no (Ireland) county dist • ‘Meat’ prod (UK 1901-80, (UK by value better via Rep 1935-80) by ‘animal’ 1867-1914) carcass wts. *Note: TBA is Turner, Beckett, Afton, Farm Production (CUP, 2001) Michael Turner

  5. Mitchell AHEW New mid 19th C – 1980 c.1850-1914 9. Dairy production (1900-) milk output milk yields & by value (via Bellerby) Irish creameries • Fish landings not covered MHSC (Hull)* • Agric Output (1855-1965) via Bellerby Brassley, Feinstein • Inputs/outputs UK (1867-1980) via Bellerby & Phillips on drainage (detail in FML chapter on fertilizer) • ditto Ireland 1926-1980 not covered • No of agric workers (1921-80) back to 1851 Leigh Shaw-Taylor (based on Booth, Bowley, Taylor, & Armstrong) *Note: MHSC is the Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull Michael Turner

  6. Mitchell AHEW New mid 19th C – 1980 c.1850-1914 • Farm Incomes 1855-1980 via Bellerby rent (Clark, TBA) • Corn Trade GB (1697-1842) (in Vol. VI) • Corn Trade UK (1792-1980) more variety/fewer years • Wheat imports UK (1828-1980) graphically only • Meat Imports (1840-1980) not annually Perren on frozen • Meat & butter exp (Rep 1924-80) not covered • Acreage enclosed – England (Vol. VI omitted) Chapman et al add Wales Michael Turner

  7. Brief Comparison with Vol. VI 1750-1850 In AHEW Vol. VI, not in Mitchell (or better than in..) • Meat prices from Eton, Charterhouse, Smithfield, St Thom. Hospital (via Beveridge) • Cheese & butter prices Greenwich Hosp., Navy, Lancs., Cheshire (via Beveridge) • Sheep and cattle weights by breed 1750-1850 • Better rye, beans, peas prices • Regional markets for wheat, barley, oats, beans, peas & rye for up to 100 years Michael Turner

  8. Continued..... • Butter prices, Waterford 1779-1850 • Potatoes prices 1771-1853 (Lancaster & Preston) • Cider prices 1769-90 (Worcester), grass seed prices (1790-1814) •  Specialist trade - guano 1840s, clover seed 1750-1850, oil seed cake 1792-1850, hops back to 1750 • Agriculturally wages regionally back to 1768 Michael Turner

  9. Unused/Recent/New Datasets (just a flavour) Tithe returns Kain Enclosure Kain/Chapman Rent TBA in AHEW Greg Clark, & revised TBA Crop Yields TBA Prices new Irish prices Solar/Kennedy Prices/wages new British prices Greg Clark (back to 13thC) Output economic growth Broadberry et al ‘Property’ counting legislation Bogart & Richardson (enclosures, (British Parl. Papers) roads, estates, drainage, canals) Note: Vol. VIII (1914-39) was not designed as a data source, there is instead H.F. Marks & D.K. Britton, A Hundred Years of British Food & Farming: A Statistical Survey (1989) Michael Turner

  10. And for non-agricultural sources (simply by knocking on the doors of local ‘neighbours’ – we can all do that) Insurance records Robin Pearson Corporate Governance Pearson, Freeman &Taylor Slave Trade - Slave Voyages Data Richardson et al (WISE)* Seasonal Migration - Irish Evans (WISE)* Diaspora - Irish, Scots, Jewish... Evans (WISE)* European transmigration thru UK Evans (WISE)* Fish & Whaling David Starkey (MHSC, HMAP)* (fish species, fishing grounds, ports of landing) Ship building Starkey, supplementing Mitchell *Note: WISE is the Wilberforce Institute for the study of Slavery & Emancipation, MHSC as before, HMAP is History of Marine Animal Populations (Hull) Michael Turner

  11. In conclusion • While Agriculture ‘looks’ pretty well covered by Mitchell there is so much more that has been added since it last appeared • BHSP will take the statistical inquiry back to Domesday book • But ‘Agriculture’ is not everything • We all have data – that’s what historians of all descriptions thrive on • Knock on doors and see what our colleagues are doing • Also, while we can plunder official sources • We can also construct new datasets where the official sources are incomplete (before annual auditing kicked in during the 19th century) • Or where they do not cover the nuances of time and place we can construct afresh............which perhaps is an appropriate message to end with Michael Turner

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