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Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B)

Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B). Biology and Management of Pests Chapter 6. A “stab in the dark” approach to pest management is seldom effective. It may injure desirable organisms. Effective Pest Management. Requires... Knowledge of pest life cycle Feeding habits Hosts

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Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B)

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  1. Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B) Biology and Management of Pests Chapter 6

  2. A “stab in the dark” approach to pest management is seldom effective. It may injure desirable organisms.

  3. Effective Pest Management • Requires... • Knowledge of pest life cycle • Feeding habits • Hosts • Environmental interaction • Reproductive behavior

  4. Diseases of Ornamentals • Disease = disturbance of normal plant function. • Noninfectious (abiotic) • Environmental • Cultural practices • Infectious • Fungi • Bacteria • Virus

  5. Apple Scab Life Cycle Summer Spring leaf to leaf infection spores blown to new leaves infected leaves fall Winter fungus overwinters on fallen leaves

  6. Plant Diseases • Grouped according to: • Causal agent • Symptoms they produce

  7. Leaf spots Scab Rusts Powdery mildew Mosaics Chlorosis Scorch Witches’ broom Disease Symptoms

  8. Anthracnose Cankers Blights Wilts Decline Galls Rots Disease Symptoms

  9. Scab

  10. Rust

  11. Cedar-Apple Rust Cedar-Hawthorne Rust

  12. Powdery Mildew

  13. Mosaic

  14. Chlorosis: Oak and Maple

  15. Witch’s broom caused by Anthracnose

  16. Anthracnose on foliage and in woody tissue.

  17. Fireblight on Mountain Ash

  18. Root rot problem on Rhododendron

  19. Common symptom of tree decline.

  20. Host Susceptibility • Plant selection • Plant parts • Vigor

  21. Weather Conditions • Humidity • Rainfall • Temperature

  22. Microclimate • Shade • Wind • Salt • Location • Crowding

  23. Infectious Disease Management • Resistance • Superior species, cultivars, varieties • Avoidance • Appropriate site conditions • Elimination • Sanitation; some fungicides • Protection • Most fungicides

  24. Although cultural and environmental disorders are most common, “bugs” are perceived as the likely cause of a problem.

  25. Insects of Ornamentals • Capable of wide variety of injury • May go through several life stages • Activity and injury often seasonal • Classified by physical characteristics • Classified by behavior

  26. Insect Classification by Feeding Behavior • Piercing - sucking • Leaf-chewing • Tent and case-making • Gall-forming • Root-feeding • Boring

  27. Piercing-sucking Insects • Aphids • Leafhoppers • Plant bugs • Mealybugs • Thrips

  28. Piercing-sucking Insects Aphids

  29. Piercing-sucking Insects Pine Needle Scale

  30. Piercing-sucking Insects Magnolia Scale

  31. Piercing-sucking Insects Sooty mold grows on the honey dew secreted from piercing-sucking insects.

  32. Piercing-sucking Insects Plant Bug

  33. Piercing-sucking Insects Leaf Hopper Injury

  34. Leaf-Chewing Insects • Caterpillars • Sawflies • Leafminers • Leaf beetles • Weevils

  35. Leaf-Chewing Insects Eastern Tent Caterpillar

  36. Leaf-Chewing Insects Pine Sawfly

  37. Leaf-Chewing Insects Birch Leaf Miner (sawfly) Oak leaf miner (moth)

  38. Leaf-Chewing Insects Japanese Beetle

  39. Leaf-Chewing Insects Black Vine Weevil: Adult, pupae, larvae (legless), and foliar damage

  40. Leaf-Chewing Insects White grub of Japanese beetle: a root feeder.

  41. Maple Bladder Gall

  42. Cooley Spruce Gall

  43. Bronze Birch Borer exit hole

  44. Insect Management • Protection for insects: • Pupal stage • Waxy coating • Galls • Bark • Leaf tissue • Soil

  45. Susceptible life stage Damaging stage Period of feeding Weather conditions Number of generations Host tolerance Natural enemies Insect Management- Consider:

  46. Non-Chemical Insect Controls • Improve plant vigor • Encourage natural enemies • Select plants with resistance • Modify the environment

  47. Natural enemies of insects can provide safe, long lasting “control.” Pesticides can upset this balance and increase some problems.

  48. Insecticides • Avoid problems: • Monitor plants for insects • Protect beneficials • Time for appropriate life stage • Avoid preventative pesticide treatments • Use the least toxic materials

  49. Mites • Not insects (eight legs) • Rasp leaf cells and suck contents • Causes bronzing • Some form webs or galls • Weather dependent - prefer hot spots • Rapid population build up • Paper test

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