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Chemistry and Nanomaterials

Chemistry and Nanomaterials. Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006. 6 billion people 8000 mile diameter. 10 billion components 8 inch diameter. Nanoscale = billionths (10 -9 ). Effects of Nanoscale. Structural differences:. Nanoscale Carbon.

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Chemistry and Nanomaterials

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  1. Chemistry and Nanomaterials Carl C. Wamser Portland State University Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006

  2. 6 billion people8000 mile diameter 10 billion components8 inch diameter Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)

  3. Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Nanoscale Carbon Bulk Carbon C60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize Graphite Diamond Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima - 1991

  4. Instrumentation / Imaging • “Quantum Corral” • 48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html

  5. Dimensional Issues

  6. Chemistry Issues • Structure / Dynamics / Synthesis • Structure-Function Correlations • Self-Assembled Systems • Applications: • Materials • Biological • Environmental

  7. Organic LEDs Structure-Function Correlations (emission wavelengths)

  8. Quantum Effects • Band gap depends on particle size(number of atoms in the particle) Fluorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles 2 nm 4 nm

  9. Chemical Bonding • Forces used to assemble structure: • Ionic • Metallic • Covalent • H-bonding • Metal-ligand • Van der Waals • π-π stacking

  10. Ionic Bonding • Molecular beaker epitaxy • Layer-by-layer growth of polyelectrolytes • Tom MalloukPenn State U http://www.mapr.ucl.ac.be/~jonas/Home_page_AJ/Research/ESA/ESA.html

  11. Ionic / Electrostatic Effects • A molecular elevator • Responsive to acid/base • J. D. Badjic, et al., Accts. Chem. Res., in press. • J.F. Stoddart, UCLA

  12. Ionic / Electrostatic Effects • Conformational Molecular Rectifiers, A. Troisi and M. A. Ratner,Nano Lett., 4(4), 591-595 (2004).

  13. MetallicBonding Nanoscale gold has different properties than bulk gold, including: appearance, solubility, and melting point. Gold Statue Gold nanoparticles thiol stabilized gold nanoparticle melting point: 1337 °K Jim Hutchison, U. Oregon http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~hutchlab gold nanoparticles (2 nm) in solution melting point: 650 °K

  14. Covalent Bonding - Carbon • Single-walled • carbon nanotubes: • armchair - metallic • zigzag - semiconducting • chiral - semiconducting • multi-walled - metallic

  15. Covalent Bonding - Carbon Carbon nanotubes coated with diamond nanocrystals M. L.Terranova, et al., Chem. Mater., 17(12) pp 3214 - 3220

  16. Hydrogen Bonding DNA Double Helix http://www.haveland.com/ graphics/dna-3d.jpg

  17. π-π Stacking - Liquid Crystals

  18. Charge-Trapping Memory Device • Liu, C-Y.; Bard, A.J.; Acc. Chem. Res. (1999), 32, 235-234.

  19. Self-Assembled Monolayer 10 nm • Monolayer of DDB on graphite (didodecylbenzene) http://www.nanoscience.com/education/gallery/DDB_ani.htm

  20. Van der Waals Interactions • SAMMSSelf-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports Glen Fryxell, PNNL http://samms.pnl.gov/

  21. Polyporphyrin Interfacial Film (thin)

  22. Polyporphyrin Interfacial Film (thick)

  23. Photosynthetic Reaction Center ( 1988 Nobel Prize ) http://www.mpibp-frankfurt.mpg.de/~michael.hutter/rcenter.html

  24. Resources • Nanochemistry references and websites: • Handbook of Nanotechnology, B. Bhushan, ed. (2004) • Molecular Nanotechnology, D. E. Newton, ed. (2002) • Integrated Chemical Systems, A. J. Bard (1994) • Engines of Creation, K. Eric Drexler (1986) ( http://www.foresight.org/EOC/ ) • “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, Richard Feynman (1959) ( http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html ) • National Nanotechnology Initiative ( http://www.nano.gov/ ) • Nano Letters - ACS Journal ( http://pubs.acs.org/journals/nalefd/ ) • Materials Today - British journal ( http://www.materialstoday.com )

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