UNIT 7 NOTES: THE COLD WAR

1. UNIT 7 NOTES: THE COLD WAR Chapter 26 – The Cold WarChapter 29 – The Kennedy & Johnson Years

2. Presidents of the United States • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • William McKinley; Republican (1896) • Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) • Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) • Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) • Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) • Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) • Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932) • Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945) • Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952) • John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960) • Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963) George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

3. America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960) Section 1: Origins of the Cold War Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up Section 3: The Korean War Section 4: The Continuing Cold War

4. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold War. • Objective 10.1: How did the differing postwar goals of the Soviet Union and the United States lead to the Cold War? • Objective 10.2: How did the goals of containment influence events in the late 1940’s? • Objective 10.3: Explain the Causes and effects of the Korean War. • Objective 10.4: Describe characteristics of the McCarthy Era.

5. Chapter 26 SECTION 4 – The Continuing Cold War Economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime help cause the French Revolution.

6. McCarthy’s Rise to Power Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, caused a second “Red Scare” of Communist conspiracies within the United States. McCarthy produced a list of 205 names of presumed Communist-supporting government employees. Later, when scrutinized, this list was reduced to 57. Although McCarthy’s accusations were usually baseless and unprovable, few were willing to risk their reputations by speaking out against him. McCarthy’s Fall In early 1954, McCarthyism, the name given to McCarthy’s communist crusade, reached the army. Democrats asked that the hearings between McCarthy and the army be televised, hoping to swing popular opinion against McCarthy. By mid-June 1954, McCarthy had lost even his strongest supporters. The Senate formally condemned him for his actions. The McCarthy Era WRITE THIS DOWN!

7. WHO IS JOE MCCARTHY? • McCarthyism • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-s6xqd9T8w

8. The Arms Race • Throughout the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union competed in an arms race, a struggle to gain weapons superiority. • Deterrence, the policy of maintaining a military arsenal so strong that no enemy will attack for fear of retaliation, resulted in the increasing development of powerful nuclear weapons. • The American policy of brinkmanship involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually entering into war. WRITE THIS DOWN!

9. The Arms Race in the Skies • To carry bombs to their targets, the Soviet Union developed long-range rockets known as intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs. • In 1957, one of these rockets was used to launch the Soviet satelliteSputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. • When a Soviet guided missile shot down an American U-2 spy plane, the resulting U-2 incident shattered American confidence and prompted a desire to surpass Soviet weapons technology. WRITE THIS DOWN!

10. The Continuing Cold War—Assessment What was the significance of the U-2 incident? (A) It motivated the United States to increase the technological development of its military. (B) It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs. (C) It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb. (D) It began the Cold War.

11. The Continuing Cold War—Assessment What was the significance of the U-2 incident? (A) It motivated the United States to increase the technological development of its military. (B) It provided the first test of Soviet ICBMs. (C) It led to the development of the hydrogen bomb. (D) It began the Cold War.

12. Vocabulary Assessment Which of these choices is the best example of collective security? (A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (B) Security and Exchange Commission (C) The Potsdam Conference (D) The Marshall Plan Which of these best describes Deterrence? (A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy (B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away (C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually entering into war. (D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than enemies are fearful to attack

13. Vocabulary Assessment Which of these choices is the best example of collective security? (A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (B) Security and Exchange Commission (C) The Potsdam Conference (D) The Marshall Plan Which of these best describes Deterrence? (A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy (B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away (C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually entering into war. (D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than enemies are fearful to attack