The History of Language

1. The History of Language

2. Old English • Version of English spoken in England over 1000 years ago. • Extra letters • Different sound values for letters. • Different grammar (including cases)

3. Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena in geār-dagum, þeod-cyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. What! We [of] Gar-Danes(lit. spear-danes) in yore-days, [of] people-kings, trim(glory) apried(have learned of by asking or "prying"), how those athelings(princes) arm-strong feats framed(made). Old English Language Example

4. Whan that Aprill with his shoures sote The droghte of Marche hath perced to the rote, And bathed euery veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour; When April with its sweet showers has pierced the dryness of March to the root, and bathed every vein in such liquor from whose power the flower is engendered; Middle EnglishSpoken 1066 to mid 15th Century

5. What does it mean? Get out a piece of paper and write the numbers of the words and what you think their current translation is!

6. Art Besought Canst Durst Mere Midst Nary Naught Thou Thee Are Asked Can Dare Lake, pond, etc. Middle None Nothing You You

7. Why and How Languages Change: • Languages change, usually very slowly • Language changes due to power struggles and trade relationships • Fashion, trends and art influence word choice • Individual trademarks or character traits can define langauge

8. Neologism • a word, term, or phrase that has been recently created often to apply to new concepts or to reshape older terms in newer language form. • Neologisms are especially useful in identifying inventions, new phenomena, or old ideas that have taken on a new cultural context.

9. Neologism as New Speak • In 1984, modernized language is refered to as New Speak. • Each year major dictionaries focus on accepting new words into their editions. • Words are collected over the year and then reviewed by a board. • The boards will establish usage and demand to decide on whether the word is accepted.

10. deejay or d.j Software rock & roll role model fast food Murphy’s Law. Aerospace Beatnik Computerize Data processing Desegregate Doublespeak Geodesic dome Hash browns Junk mail Neutron bomb Polio virus Sky diving Weirdo Neologism’s from the 1950’s

11. bikini wax brain freeze Blog flip flop chick flick Hottie identity theft dot-commer designer baby cyber war ecological footprint first responder Microdermabrasion Noogie plasma screen sky marshal Potsticker pole dancing speed dating Threequel weekend warrior Recent Neologisms

12. LCD DDR DVD CD VHS SARS FEMA. Liquid Crystal Display Dance Dance Revolution Digital Versatile Disc Compact Disc Video Home System Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Federal Emergency Management Agency Acronyms as Neologisms(Acronyms in left, answers in right)

13. Slang in the English Language

14. Slang can be described as informal, nonstandard words or phrases which tend to originate in subcultures within a society. • The first slang came during the middle ages from a difference in dialects and regionalisms. • The English language was the most popular language with slang. Others, such as French and Latin, were protected. • The first slang words were focused on body parts and bodily functions.

15. Where words come from… • Most words come from occupational groups, armed forces, teenagers, racial minorities, ghetto residents, labor unions, citizens-band radio broadcasters, sports groups, drug addicts, criminals, and even religious denominations.

16. Frocking: An officer wearing an item of a higher position before official promotion. Million Dollar Wound: Wound serious enough to get sent home from combat, but not serious enough to permanently hurt you. File 13: A trash can. Hooah: Referring to or meaning anything and everything except no Military Slang…

17. Modern Slang Origins • The F Word • Urban Legend places it as ab abbreviation to “For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge” both in Irish lore and US Army lore. This is unfounded. • Linked to many languages • German- ficken (to copulate) • Dutch- fokken (to breed) • Norweigen- ukka (to copulate) • Swedish- fucka (to strike, copulate)

18. Slang vs. Jargon • Slang is an informal vocabulary composed of invented words, arbitrarily changed words, or extravagant figures of speech. • Jargon is professional, efficient shorthand. • Both vary from language to language and from group to group- but Jargon is an accepted variation of most languages. Slang is for the most part unacceptable in most languages.

19. 20-20 hindsight at the 11th hour cake walk Catch 22 in the black pipe dream to grandfather something perfect knowledge but too late at the last minute easily accomplished what ever you do, it won't work Profitable unrealistic, from opium smoking grant exception to the rule due to preexisting status What does the Jargon term mean?

20. Jargon • Varies from profession to profession. • Common Internet Jargon includes: Blog - Bookmark - Browse - Cookie - Domain Link - Plugin - USB

21. Blackwater carbon footprint CFL flat pack green LED Water effluent containing fecal matter and urine - i.e. sewage the amount of carbon dioxide emissions created by a person or industry Compact Fluorescent Lamp An increasingly popular way of producing goods that the end user assembles. anything considered environmentally friendly Light Emitting Diode Environmental Jargon

22. As a class attempt this quiz… http://www.arcamax.com/vocabulary/q-1099