Section One: Cultural Information

1. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Common western manners As foreign language manners, it is essential for us to know some customs and manners for the people who speak it. (1)Invitation The general rule in introducing two people is to introducing other people to the person you wish to honor. A man always rises for an introduction. However, it is all right for an elderly man to remain seated when a young man is introduced to him. (2) Invitation When a person receives invitation he should answer it immediately saying definitely whether he is able to accept it or not. Common western manners Chinese meals

2. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities It is very impolite to arrive late, as it is usually planned to have the meal at the exact hour given in the incitation. After the meal one had better stay at least another half an hour, lest he seems to have come only for the meal. When leaving any kind of a party, a guest always expresses his appreciation to the hostess. (3)In public places People walking should keep to the sidewalks and should keep to the right of the sidewalk. Best clothes like evening clothes are often worn a theater. Common western manners Chinese meals

3. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities The movies are more informal. Any kind of respectable clothes may be worn, and small confection may be eaten quietly as long as there are no objectionable noises to annoy neighbors. It is usual for anyone attending church to take some money along for the offering, as it is a regular part of every church service and is used for the work of the church. Good clothes, but never evening clothes, are worn to a church service. Common western manners Chinese meals

4. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Chinese meals The main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial. The real difference is that in the West, people have their own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. In China, the meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served with staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. Common western manners Chinese meals

5. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Perhaps not of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed on the table when they finish dinner. Common western manners Chinese meals

6. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 1. manner: n. (a)(pl.) social behavior e.g. It’s had manners to stare at people. He has no manners at all. Aren’t you forgetting your manners? (b) (pl.) habits and customs e.g. These are typical eighteenth-century aristocratic manners. (c)(sing.) Person’s way of behaving towards others e.g. He has an aggressive manner. I don’t like her manner-she’s very hostile.

7. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 2. soft: adj. (of words, answers, etc)not harsh or angry; gentle;mild e.g.his reply was soft and calm. 3. get away: leave e.g.I won’t be able to get away from the office before 7. Get away from me. 4. rush: vi. Go or come with great speed e.g.Don’t rush! Take your time. Water went rushing through the lock-gates. The children rushed out of school. People rushed to buy the shares.

8. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 5. elevator: n. apparatus in a building for taking people and goods up and down; lift e.g. I took the elevator to the eighteenth floor. You may push this button to call the elevator. Her job is to operate an elevator. 6. co-(pref., used fairly widely with adjective, adverb, nouns and verbs)together; jointly e.g. co-produce co-operative co- driver co-star

9. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 7. wave: n. movement of the hand in waving e.g .The director gives a wave of action. 8. nod: n. act of nodding the head e.g.She gave me a nod as she passed. On the nod: (a) with formal assent and without discussion e.g.The proposal went through on the nod. (b) on credit e.g.I bought it on the nod.

10. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 9. appreciation: n. (a) grateful recognition of an action e.g.He sent me a letter of appreciation. I wish to express my appreciation for your kindness. (b) understanding of the good qualities of sth e.g.He has a keen appreciation of poetry. 10 .pull out: drive onto the road or over to another lane of the road to join in the traffic e.g.the train pulled out slowly.

11. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 11.decorate: vt. make a place, such as a building, wall, etc, moer beautiful by painting, wallpapering, etc e.g.The Spanish steps are decorated with masses of pink azaleas during the festival. This popular hotel is a bring place decorate in faux-classic style. 12. stylish: adj. fashionable e.g.The woman wears a highly stylish hat.

12. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 13. a sort of: as it were; to some extent e.g.This is an indeterminate color. The male bird performs a sort of mating dance before copulating with the female. He led off with his companion in a sort of quickstep. I had a sort of felling he wouldn’t come.

13. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 14. hidden: adj. not accessible to view: difficult to find e.g.An embassy was compromised by hidden listening devices. The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves. The policeman frisked him for hidden weapons. Navigation is difficult on this river because of the hidden rocks.

14. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 15. generous: adj. (a) free from meanness or prejudice; magnanimous e.g.A wise ruler is generous in victory. He has a generous mind. (b) giving or ready to give freely e.g.He is generous with other people’s money. We should be generous in giving help. It was generous of you to share your food with me.

15. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 16. right: adv. (a) immediately ; without delay e.g.I’ll be right back. They are going to close the shop right after the midnight. (b) exactly; just e.g.Right in the middle of the hall is a big statue. 17. long-lost: adj. that has been lost or not seen for a long time e.g.I am going to sing a song for all my long-lost friends.

16. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 18. gracious :adj. polite, kind, and pleasant, esp. in a generous way e.g.He is gracious to his inferiors. He is kind and gracious to all sinners who repent. The queen was gracious enough to invite us. 19. set an example: behave in a way that should be copied e.g.Her diligence has set an example to the others. He set an example of plain living.

17. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 20. priceless: adj .too valuable to be priced e.g.Her has consciously a lot of priceless paintings. Her one priceless asset is her unflappability. 21. panache: n. stylish manner of doing things that causes admiration and seems to be without any difficulty e.g.She walks with great panache. .panache 22. image: n. (a)general impression that a person, firm, product, etc gives to the public; reputation e.g.How can we improve our public image? (b)mental picture or idea e.g.I have this image of you as always being cheerful.

18. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 23.positive: adj. (a)providing help; constructive e.g.Try to be more positive in dealing with the problem. (b)with no possibility of doubt; clear and definite e.g.We have no positive proof of her guilt. (c)showing confidence and optimism e.g.His positive thinking encouraged other members to carry on. 24. do wonders for: bring unexpected good results e.g.Ten days’ hard training has done wonders for him.

19. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 25.host: vt .provide the place and everything that is needed for an organized event e.g.I plan to host the birthday party at home this year. 26.recipe: n.set of instructions for looking a particular type of food e.g.He knows the recipe for this dish. Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. A recipe tells you that you need so many eggs, so much milk, etc. This recipe will be enough for four servings.

20. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 27.compliment: vt. Praise or express admiration for sb e.g.He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it. He complimented us with tickets for the football game. 28. gathering: n. meting or coming together of people e.g.We are invited to a small social gathering. The United Nations assembly is a cosmopolitan gathering. His recent death overshadowed the family gathering.

21. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 29.gesture: n. (a) action which is done to show one’s feelings, either friendly or unfriendly e.g.Some countries give rare animals to important f oreign visitors as a gesture of friendship. The invitation was meant as friendly gesture. (b)expressive movement of a part of the body, esp. the hand or head e.g.He expressed his anger by making a rude gesture. People consciously or unconsciously are communicating by gestures.

22. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 30. terrific: adj. extremely nice or good e.g.The room boasts a terrific view. 31. mood: n. state of mind or feeling at a particular time e.g.He’s in no mood for jokes now. He mood suddenly changed and he become calm.32. bet: vt. State confidently what will happen e.g.I beg it will rain tomorrow. 32. bet : vt. state confidently what will happen e.g.I bet it will rain tomorrow.

23. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 33. feel like: want to be in the state for e.g.Do what you feel like! No man feels like laughing when be bumps his funy bone. I feel like having some dumplings. Do you feel like a walk? 34. put off: postpone or cancel e.g.She keeps putting off going to the dentist. We’ve had to put our wedding off until September.

24. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 35. barrel: vi. move at a high speed e.g.He barreled across the street and knocked down an old lady. 36. aisle: n. narrow passage e.g.Things reached the point where the two groups sat on opposite sides of the church, glaring across the aisle. The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat. The organ plays as the bride comes down the aisle.

25. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 37. bother: (a) vi. take the time or trouble to do sth e.g.“Shall I help you with the washing up ?” “Don’t bother, I’ll do it later.” (b) vt. Cause trouble or annoyance to sb e.g.I’m sorry to bother you, but could you tell the way to the station? Does the pain from you operation bother you much? 38. genuinely: adv. Sincerely e.g.I genuinely hope I could help.

26. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 39. apologize: vi. say one is sorry for having done sth wrong e.g.You should have the decency to apologize for what you did. It’s imperative that you apologize to him immediately. You must apologize to your sister for being so rude. I apologize. 40. melt away (cause sb or sb’s feeling to)soften because of pity, love, etc e.g.His tears melted away her anger.

27. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 41. irritation: n. the act of feeling angry e.g.He tried best to conceal his irritation, but failed. 42. bellman: n. man or boy employed by a hotel, club, etc to carry luggage and do errands e.g.He works as a bellman at a club. 43. a wee bit: a little bit; rather e.g.I didn’t feel a wee bit pain during the operation. 44. punctuality: n. the fact or state of being on time e.g.He was always late on principle, his principle being that punctuality is the thief of time. Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.

28. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 45. for heave’s sake: used as an interjection before or after a command or request, or to express irritation e.g.For heaven’s sake, stop that whining! For heaven’s sake! How can you be so stupid? 46. count: vi. be important or valuable e.g.It is your deeds not your words that count. 47. spouse: n. husband or wife e.g.Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community. The court orders financial provision for a spouse or child in divorce proceedings.

29. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 48. pillow: n. large cushion that you put under your head when you are in bed e.g.He bought a foam pillow. My daughter asked me to buy her a pillow stuffed with feathers. 49. insignificant: adj. not(seeming or looking) of value and/or importance e.g.His hometown is an insignificant city on the map. It is a waste of time to listen to his insignificant talk. The rate has fallen by an insignificant amount.

30. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 50. cherish: vt. love e.g.Every mother cherishes her baby. Every minute I have spent here impressed me with the friendship your people cherish for our people. Never cherish a serpent in your bosom. 51. routine: adj. regular e.g.It was a rather routine performance. Routine office jobs have no relish at all for me.

31. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 52. takesb/sth for granted: be so familiar with sb/sth that one no longer appreciates his/its full value e.g.He never praises his wife: he just takes her for granted. Take sth for granted: assume sth to be true e.g.I take it for granted you have read this book. 53. infectious: adj. having an effect on everyone and making them want to take part e.g.He expressed infections enthusiasm to his votes.

32. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraph 1 Questions: (1) How were people in the past according to the writer? (According to the writer, people were a litter nicer, a little sorter, a little gentler with each other in the pasture.) (2) Where does the writer live? (In New York City.) Questions Sentence Highlights

33. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 2 Questions: Why do good managers matter much? (Because no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our home, or how lovely our dinner parties area, we can’t be truly stylish without good manner.) Questions Sentence Highlights

34. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 3 Questions: (1)What does the writer regard good manners as? (The writers regard good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret’) (2) Do you happen to know something about Cary Grant or Lauren Basal? (Open.) Questions Sentence Highlights

35. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraph 4 Questions: What can we benefit from a gracious manner? (A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren, but also adds priceless panache to you image’) Questions Sentence Highlights

36. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraph 5 Questions: (1) What is the main idea of this paragraph? (It exemplifies with the writer’s personal experience and points out that saying “Thank you” do wonders for the person on the receiving end.) (2) What does the sentence “What a gift!” means? (It was a sweet gesture that made the writer feels terrific and put him in a great mood.) Questions Sentence Highlights

37. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraph 6 Questions: What is the main idea of the paragraph? (It advises us theta writing a delayed thank-you note is much better than not writing at all. Better late than never.) Questions Sentence Highlights

38. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 7 Questions: (1) What is the main idea of the paragraph? (It emphasizes that the simple phrase “Excuse me” is just as powerful as a thank-you notes. ） (2) Do you find a metaphorical expression in this paragraph? (Yes, that is “melt away”, which literally means “disappeard”by melting or dissolving.) Questions Sentence Highlights

39. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 7 Questions: (3) Is there a negative rhetorical question in this paragraph? What does it means? What’s its function? ( Yes, that’s “… doesn’t it melt away most – if not all –of the irritation you felon?” It mean: it does indeed melt away most – if not all – of the irritation you felon. A negative rhetorical question is close in meaning to but more powerful in tone than a positive statement.) Questions Sentence Highlights

40. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 8 Questions: (1) What is the main idea of the paragraph? (It suggests and exemplifies that helping others do something, including a hotel bellman, and being punctual for what we do are highly appreciated polite behavior.) (2) Why should we be punctual? (Because being on time shows the person we’re meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our owner.) Questions Sentence Highlights

41. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 9&10 Questions: (1) What is the main idea of the two paragraphs? (They emphasize the great importance of good manners with our family members and illustrate with examples the remarkable effects of showing good manners towards our own families.) (2) What does the phrase “go a long way” mean? (It is a metaphorical expression, which means to bring about very good results or lead to gratifying effects.) Questions Sentence Highlights

42. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Paragraphs 11 Questions: (1) What’s the function of this paragraph? (It serves as a concluding paragraph of the whole essayist.) (2) What is the writer’s sincere wish that everyone would be polite and show good manners? Questions Sentence Highlights

43. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities • Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? (Para. 1) • Paraphrase: People in the present age are less gentle, less friendly or less polite than people in the past. • I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that.(Para.2) • Paraphrase:I feel that many people in the contemporary world are, for some reason, not as nice, not as friendly, or not as polite with one another as people in the past. Questions Sentence Highlights

44. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 3. I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.(Para.3) Paraphrase: I regard good manners as a kind of concealed magic method or formula which makes you beautiful. 4. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.(Para. 4) Paraphrase: On the one hand, your pleasant manner helps your children and grandchildren learn the proper ways to behave. On the other hand, it add the greatest splendor to your image. Questions Sentence Highlights

45. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 5. Of course, saying “Thank you. ”does wonders for the person on the receiving end too.(Para.5) Paraphrase: Certainly, saying “Thank you” could achieve positive results for the person who receives the thank-you remark. 6.I bet the note my guest sent didn’t take long to write.(Para.6) Paraphrase: I am certain that it won’t cost my guest a lot of time writing a thank-you note. Questions Sentence Highlights

46. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 7. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier.(Para.8) Paraphrase: The bellman’s job is to carry people’s bags. However, if people do him a little favor, such as holding the door open for them, he would surely appreciate it. 8. It shows they’re in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. Paraphrase:It shows that you pay great attention to them and want to make them happy. Questions Sentence Highlights

47. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 9. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them.(Para.11) Paraphrase: I sincerely wish that everyone could practice good manners. Questions Sentence Highlights

48. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Text Appreciation This essay is a well-organized piece of argumentation. Besides the deductive method which is employee in most of the paragraphs, and key phrases which are used as subtitles, the text is characterized by the ingenious use of vivid illustrations to make a point. Illustrations are the use of examples to prove a point. It is perhaps the most common, and often the most efficient, pattern of exposition and argumentation. Indeed, it is hard to write a good essay of any kind without using at least some examples. Good examples help to clarify a writer’s thought by making the general specific, and the abstract concrete. They also help to persuade or convince the reader. Text Appreciation Language Appreciation

49. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities Text Appreciation A successful illustration essay depends on: (1) A wise selection of sufficient examples which are specific and typical, interesting and relevant –the examples may be either personal experiences or second-hand information from reliable sources; (2) An expert arrangement of these examples – similar or related examples should be grouped together and arranged climactically. Text Appreciation Language Appreciation

50. Section One: Cultural Information Section Two: Word Study Section Three: Text Understanding Section Four: Text Appreciation Section Five: Activities 1. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners. Note the parallel structure employed. It aims to emphasize reinforce the importance of good manners. 2. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? A rhetorical question is employed here. A rhetorical question is usually defined as any questionasked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks. It is likely to be a statement regarding one’s opinion of the person addressed rather than a genuine request for something. Text Appreciation Language Appreciation