Developing Community Groups for Homeland Security

1. DevelopingCommunity Groupsfor Homeland Security Community Policing� now more than ever (this page ~10 min) GREET STUDENTS AT THE DOOR Welcome About the WCPC Describe the Center / Mission Cover WOU COPS / Our Sponsor Governing Board Purpose of the Class SLIDE NOTES: We believe that community policing is not just A strategy to build homeland security, but THE strategy � the ONLY one that will work. Instructor Introductions Each trainer will a briefly introduce himself/herself OR Each trainer can introduce another trainer (include what you admire about that person)(this page ~10 min) GREET STUDENTS AT THE DOOR Welcome About the WCPC Describe the Center / Mission Cover WOU COPS / Our Sponsor Governing Board Purpose of the Class SLIDE NOTES: We believe that community policing is not just A strategy to build homeland security, but THE strategy � the ONLY one that will work. Instructor Introductions Each trainer will a briefly introduce himself/herself OR Each trainer can introduce another trainer (include what you admire about that person)

2. 2 Course Themes Homeland Security - Definitions and Updates Community Policing Terrorism and Fear All-hazards Approach Ethical Issues Defining the Community�s Responsibility Leading Community Groups Developing Action Plans (this page ~10 min) SLIDE NOTES: There are six primary objectives in this class � we call them �themes.� The basic premise of this class is that community members should be an asset, not a hindrance, in a time of crisis. After 911 the federal government has instituted several initiatives designed to engage the community in volunteerism, crime prevention, disaster preparedness and anti-terrorism activities. Bring this to the community level requires direction and training. NOTE: The purpose of this class is to enable leaders to develop vigilant, prepared, and resilient community groups. Schedule Overview: Go over the class schedule with the group. Potential Question: What are YOUR expectations of this class. (Flip chart the responses and check in on the list periodically throughout class.) (this page ~10 min) SLIDE NOTES: There are six primary objectives in this class � we call them �themes.� The basic premise of this class is that community members should be an asset, not a hindrance, in a time of crisis. After 911 the federal government has instituted several initiatives designed to engage the community in volunteerism, crime prevention, disaster preparedness and anti-terrorism activities. Bring this to the community level requires direction and training. NOTE: The purpose of this class is to enable leaders to develop vigilant, prepared, and resilient community groups. Schedule Overview: Go over the class schedule with the group. Potential Question: What are YOUR expectations of this class. (Flip chart the responses and check in on the list periodically throughout class.)

3. (this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from tone setting discussions to defining homeland security. BREAK(this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from tone setting discussions to defining homeland security. BREAK

4. 4 Homeland Security Act of 2002 Infrastructure Protection (Title II) Intelligence Gathering & Information Sharing Soft Target Identification & Protection Public Awareness Weapons of Mass Destruction (Title III) Research and Technology Public Health Borders, Immigration and Transportation (Title IV) Emergency Preparedness and Response (Title V) Collaboration and Coordination (Title VII) (this page ~35 min) SLIDE NOTES: The Homeland Security Act further defines �homeland security� by defining the responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security, as listed on the slide. WRITTEN RESOURCE: A3-1 Homeland Security Act Excerpts Potential Thought Question: Does the community have a potential role in this? VIDEO: A1-1 Braveheart (Defining the un-definable) For purposes of this class, a more informal definition is desirable. ACTIVITY: A1-1 Grab Bag Definitions OR A1-2 Similes Definition WORKBOOK: Page 2 � Record a working definition of homeland security. (this page ~35 min) SLIDE NOTES: The Homeland Security Act further defines �homeland security� by defining the responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security, as listed on the slide. WRITTEN RESOURCE: A3-1 Homeland Security Act Excerpts Potential Thought Question: Does the community have a potential role in this? VIDEO: A1-1 Braveheart (Defining the un-definable) For purposes of this class, a more informal definition is desirable. ACTIVITY: A1-1 Grab Bag Definitions OR A1-2 Similes Definition WORKBOOK: Page 2 � Record a working definition of homeland security.

5. 5 Some National Initiatives in Homeland SecurityCitizen Corps (this page ~20 min) SLIDE NOTES: This slide highlights federal activities that are related to community involvement. They are programs developed under the US Freedom Corps (also home to the Peace Corps and the Corporation for National and Community Safety). VIPS provides support for resource-constrained police departments by incorporating civilian volunteers so that law enforcement professionals have more time for frontline duty. An expanded Neighborhood Watch Program incorporates terrorism awareness and education into its existing crime prevention mission and serves as a way to bring residents together to focus on disaster preparedness and training. CERT trains people in neighborhoods, the workplace, and schools in basic disaster response skills, such as fire suppression, urban search and rescue, and medical operations, and helps them take a more active role in emergency preparedness. MRC coordinates volunteer health professionals, as well as other citizens with an interest in health issues, to provide ongoing support for community public health needs and resources during large scale emergencies, such as assisting emergency response teams, providing care to victims with less serious injuries and removing other burdens that inhibit the effectiveness of physicians and nurses. Ask if anyone in class is currently working in these models. If so, ask them to provide some personal experience/testimony. There are many government activities related to homeland security. You can stay in touch by subscribing to the electronic DHS newsletter from their web site. WRITTEN RESOURCE: A5-1 Citizen Corps A Fact Sheet for Volunteer & Faith Based Organizations WRITTEN RESOURCE: A4-2 Homeland Security Advisory System Recommendation(this page ~20 min) SLIDE NOTES: This slide highlights federal activities that are related to community involvement. They are programs developed under the US Freedom Corps (also home to the Peace Corps and the Corporation for National and Community Safety). VIPS provides support for resource-constrained police departments by incorporating civilian volunteers so that law enforcement professionals have more time for frontline duty. An expanded Neighborhood Watch Program incorporates terrorism awareness and education into its existing crime prevention mission and serves as a way to bring residents together to focus on disaster preparedness and training. CERT trains people in neighborhoods, the workplace, and schools in basic disaster response skills, such as fire suppression, urban search and rescue, and medical operations, and helps them take a more active role in emergency preparedness. MRC coordinates volunteer health professionals, as well as other citizens with an interest in health issues, to provide ongoing support for community public health needs and resources during large scale emergencies, such as assisting emergency response teams, providing care to victims with less serious injuries and removing other burdens that inhibit the effectiveness of physicians and nurses. Ask if anyone in class is currently working in these models. If so, ask them to provide some personal experience/testimony. There are many government activities related to homeland security. You can stay in touch by subscribing to the electronic DHS newsletter from their web site. WRITTEN RESOURCE: A5-1 Citizen Corps A Fact Sheet for Volunteer & Faith Based Organizations WRITTEN RESOURCE: A4-2 Homeland Security Advisory System Recommendation

6. 6 Who�s your state contact? BG Craig Campbell Adjutant General 907-428-6003  BG Robert Lee Adjutant General 808-733-4301 x542 Fax: 808-733-4287  Jerry Bussell Homeland Security Director 775-687-7320 (this page ~30 min) SLIDE NOTES: The Department of Homeland Security has one primary contact in each state. The contacts for WCPC�s service area are represented on this slide. NOTE: When and where possible, we will invite the state �expert(s)� to give a short briefing on the state of homeland security in your state. This person might be the Director of Homeland Security for your state, or might be a knowledgeable emergency responder.(this page ~30 min) SLIDE NOTES: The Department of Homeland Security has one primary contact in each state. The contacts for WCPC�s service area are represented on this slide. NOTE: When and where possible, we will invite the state �expert(s)� to give a short briefing on the state of homeland security in your state. This person might be the Director of Homeland Security for your state, or might be a knowledgeable emergency responder.

7. (this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition between defining homeland security and defining community policing. BREAK(this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition between defining homeland security and defining community policing. BREAK

8. 8 �To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only the members of the public that are paid to give full-time attention to the duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of community welfare and existence.� (this page ~7 min) SLIDE NOTES: We established the police under Robert Peel�s philosophy, then lost it. (this page ~7 min) SLIDE NOTES: We established the police under Robert Peel�s philosophy, then lost it.

9. 9 Paradigms� �widely agreed upon assumptions that form the basis for our actions and decision. Paradigms are the lens through which we view the world. (this page ~28 min) SLIDE NOTES: When our paradigm changes (i.e. our world view changes), our practices typically change as well. Potential Discussion Questions: Did September 11 cause another paradigm shift in policing? Or are we still in the community era? Assumptions have changed� will the policing model also change? ACTIVITY: B3-1 Relating to Community Policing WRITTEN RESOURCE: B3-1 Homeland Security Begins in our Communities (this page ~28 min) SLIDE NOTES: When our paradigm changes (i.e. our world view changes), our practices typically change as well. Potential Discussion Questions: Did September 11 cause another paradigm shift in policing? Or are we still in the community era? Assumptions have changed� will the policing model also change? ACTIVITY: B3-1 Relating to Community Policing WRITTEN RESOURCE: B3-1 Homeland Security Begins in our Communities

10. 10 Terrorism: The calculated use of violence to obtain political goals through instilling fear, intimidation, or coercion. It usually involves a criminal act, often symbolic in nature and intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims. George Rush; 2000 The Dictionary of Criminal Justice (this page ~2 min) �Terrorism is the greatest threat to America.� Gordon England US Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security June 16, 2003 COPS Conference SLIDE NOTES: No one definition of terrorism has gained universal acceptance. The definition on this slide was taken from the Dictionary of Criminal Justice, written by George Rush, in 2000. It is particularly comprehensive, as it discusses the symbolic nature of targets, as well as the use of fear as a primary weapon.(this page ~2 min) �Terrorism is the greatest threat to America.� Gordon England US Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security June 16, 2003 COPS Conference SLIDE NOTES: No one definition of terrorism has gained universal acceptance. The definition on this slide was taken from the Dictionary of Criminal Justice, written by George Rush, in 2000. It is particularly comprehensive, as it discusses the symbolic nature of targets, as well as the use of fear as a primary weapon.

11. 11 There is nothing sacred about terrorism. The difference between terrorism and regular crime is like the difference between holy water and water. (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: It has been said that terrorism is to crime as holy water is to water; but there is nothing sacred about terrorism. (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: It has been said that terrorism is to crime as holy water is to water; but there is nothing sacred about terrorism.

12. 12 Social Learning Theory Terrorist acts are learned in the interaction with others (primarily in small, intimate groups) Associations vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity Learning includes: A: techniques of committing the act B: the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes C: how the act is to be committed AND why it is to be done Terrorists learn to define the legal code as favorable or unfavorable (this page ~5 min) SLIDE NOTES: Terrorist acts are learned, they are not biological or psychological -Terrorism is learned in the interaction with others in the process of communication -The primary part of learning occurs in primary, intimate groups -Associations vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity -When terrorism is learned, the learning includes: A: techniques of committing the act, which are sometimes complicated, sometimes simple B: the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes C: the learning of terrorism not only involves how the act is to be committed, but why it is to be done Terrorists learn to define the legal code as favorable or unfavorable. (Someone becomes a terrorist because of an excess of definitions favorable to committing the act over definitions unfavorable) *adapted from the work of E. Sutherland (1939)(this page ~5 min) SLIDE NOTES: Terrorist acts are learned, they are not biological or psychological -Terrorism is learned in the interaction with others in the process of communication -The primary part of learning occurs in primary, intimate groups -Associations vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity -When terrorism is learned, the learning includes: A: techniques of committing the act, which are sometimes complicated, sometimes simple B: the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes C: the learning of terrorism not only involves how the act is to be committed, but why it is to be done Terrorists learn to define the legal code as favorable or unfavorable. (Someone becomes a terrorist because of an excess of definitions favorable to committing the act over definitions unfavorable) *adapted from the work of E. Sutherland (1939)

13. 13 Neutralization Theory (1957) (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Neutralization may be evident in people�s speech. Some examples of talk that aligns with each of the four techniques are: Denial of responsibility �I was ordered by God to do this.� Denial of victim �They are infidels; they are crusaders.� Appeal to higher loyalties �I am following the law of God.� �I am following Osama bin Laden.� Condemn the condemners �What occurred in Oklahoma was no different than what Americans �. And others do all the time. The bombing was not personal, no more than when the Air Force, Army, Navy, or Marine personnel bomb or launch cruise missiles against government installations and their personnel.� - Timothy McVeigh *adapted from the work of Sykes and Matza (1957)(this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Neutralization may be evident in people�s speech. Some examples of talk that aligns with each of the four techniques are: Denial of responsibility �I was ordered by God to do this.� Denial of victim �They are infidels; they are crusaders.� Appeal to higher loyalties �I am following the law of God.� �I am following Osama bin Laden.� Condemn the condemners �What occurred in Oklahoma was no different than what Americans �. And others do all the time. The bombing was not personal, no more than when the Air Force, Army, Navy, or Marine personnel bomb or launch cruise missiles against government installations and their personnel.� - Timothy McVeigh *adapted from the work of Sykes and Matza (1957)

14. 14 Subculture of Violence �cannot conflict with the mainstream society. �people don�t necessarily all share in the violence �most prominent in late adolescence to early middle age. �is not necessarily viewed as criminal conduct �members have different psychological and social attributes No Guilt � No Anxiety � No Psychopathology (this page ~5 min) SLIDE NOTES: Some subcultures of society readily accept violence as a �normal� part of life. 1 - No subculture can be totally different from, or totally in conflict with, the mainstream society. 2 - To establish a subculture of violence does not require people to share in violence in all situations. 3 - Subculture of violence may be shared by all ages in a sub-society, but this ethos is most prominent in a limited age group, ranging from late adolescence to early middle age. 4 - The use of violence in a subculture is not necessarily viewed as criminal conduct, and the users do not have to deal with guilt about their aggression. 5 - Persons not members of a subculture of violence, who nonetheless commit crimes of violence, have psychological and social attributes different than violent criminals from the subculture of violence. Guilt � Anxiety � Psychopathology adapted from the work of Marvin Wolfgang (1958) (this page ~5 min) SLIDE NOTES: Some subcultures of society readily accept violence as a �normal� part of life. 1 - No subculture can be totally different from, or totally in conflict with, the mainstream society. 2 - To establish a subculture of violence does not require people to share in violence in all situations. 3 - Subculture of violence may be shared by all ages in a sub-society, but this ethos is most prominent in a limited age group, ranging from late adolescence to early middle age. 4 - The use of violence in a subculture is not necessarily viewed as criminal conduct, and the users do not have to deal with guilt about their aggression. 5 - Persons not members of a subculture of violence, who nonetheless commit crimes of violence, have psychological and social attributes different than violent criminals from the subculture of violence. Guilt � Anxiety � Psychopathology adapted from the work of Marvin Wolfgang (1958)

15. 15 Subculture of Violence (continued) Prevention of additional crimes of violence is possible A: Disperse, disrupt, and disorganize the representatives of the subculture B: Affect changes in the value system (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: To prevent violence where it is seen as normal and acceptable activity requires a destruction or revision of the subculture. A: Disperse, disrupt, and disorganize the representatives of the subculture B: Affect changes in the value system (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: To prevent violence where it is seen as normal and acceptable activity requires a destruction or revision of the subculture. A: Disperse, disrupt, and disorganize the representatives of the subculture B: Affect changes in the value system

16. 16 Non-political terrorism Profit Ransom terrorism Recognition/Power Revenge Love/hate Etc. (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Like any other crime, terrorism can have motives separate from politics, e.g. profit, recognition/power, revenge, love/hate, etc. Ransom Terrorism: This is a term coined by WCPC to capture the idea that terrorist tactics can be used by any criminal for economic gain. For example, the Beltway Sniper terrorized the community for a ransom. (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Like any other crime, terrorism can have motives separate from politics, e.g. profit, recognition/power, revenge, love/hate, etc. Ransom Terrorism: This is a term coined by WCPC to capture the idea that terrorist tactics can be used by any criminal for economic gain. For example, the Beltway Sniper terrorized the community for a ransom.

17. 17 Social Control Fear is integral to social control (this page ~20 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: When the government sets punishment for crimes committed, it is using fear to control social activity. Unfortunately, this methodology is not effective with terrorists. After all, what does a terrorist fear? (death?) Terrorism has turned the tables. Criminals are now using fear in an attempt to control the government. ACTIVITY: C2-1 Defending Governing Values VIDEO: C2-1 Boondock Saints WRITTEN RESOURCE: C5-1 Critical Incident Impact BREAK(this page ~20 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: When the government sets punishment for crimes committed, it is using fear to control social activity. Unfortunately, this methodology is not effective with terrorists. After all, what does a terrorist fear? (death?) Terrorism has turned the tables. Criminals are now using fear in an attempt to control the government. ACTIVITY: C2-1 Defending Governing Values VIDEO: C2-1 Boondock Saints WRITTEN RESOURCE: C5-1 Critical Incident Impact BREAK

18. 18 Effects of Fear FIGHT (this page ~ 8 min) SLIDE NOTES: When an individual is threatened, he/she has a fight-or-flight response to that threat. If the whole community feels the same threat, the resultant, community-wide response can be devastating. Potential Discussion Question: What evidence can you site that the community as a whole has a �fight or flight� reaction to threat? FIGHT � War on Terrorism FIGHT � Demonstrations / Riots FLIGHT � Decrease in travel FLIGHT � Dip in the market VIDEO: C5-1 Young Frankenstein (humorous portrayal of a community�s �fight� reaction to fear) WRITTEN RESOURCE: C5-2 Fear of Crime Executive Summary(this page ~ 8 min) SLIDE NOTES: When an individual is threatened, he/she has a fight-or-flight response to that threat. If the whole community feels the same threat, the resultant, community-wide response can be devastating. Potential Discussion Question: What evidence can you site that the community as a whole has a �fight or flight� reaction to threat? FIGHT � War on Terrorism FIGHT � Demonstrations / Riots FLIGHT � Decrease in travel FLIGHT � Dip in the market VIDEO: C5-1 Young Frankenstein (humorous portrayal of a community�s �fight� reaction to fear) WRITTEN RESOURCE: C5-2 Fear of Crime Executive Summary

19. Sources of Fear Unknown/Unexpected Ignorance Inattentiveness Vulnerability Unpreparedness No protection from �bullies� Instability Loss of control No support structure (this page ~45 min) ACTIVITY: C5-1 A List of Fears SLIDE NOTES: The left side of the slide shows common sources of fear. Fear commonly stems from a sense of surprise, vulnerability, and instability. (Test this against your own experience.) We are surprised when we are ignorant or non-attentive to the situation. We feel vulnerable when the opposition is �bigger than� us � and there is nobody around to protect us from bullies. We also feel vulnerable when we are caught unprepared. We feel a sense of instability when we are outside our sphere of control and/or our support structure has failed. The right side of the slide shows strategies for handling fear. Note that: These strategies directly correlate with the sources of fear, on the left. Developing vigilant, prepared and resilient communities can not only address the hazard/crime itself, but also the fear of the hazard/crime. WORKBOOK: Page 2 � What creates fear in communities? How might we diffuse the fear of terrorism in our communities? WRITTEN RESOURCE: C7-1 Winning the Battle Vs. War Worries(this page ~45 min) ACTIVITY: C5-1 A List of Fears SLIDE NOTES: The left side of the slide shows common sources of fear. Fear commonly stems from a sense of surprise, vulnerability, and instability. (Test this against your own experience.) We are surprised when we are ignorant or non-attentive to the situation. We feel vulnerable when the opposition is �bigger than� us � and there is nobody around to protect us from bullies. We also feel vulnerable when we are caught unprepared. We feel a sense of instability when we are outside our sphere of control and/or our support structure has failed. The right side of the slide shows strategies for handling fear. Note that: These strategies directly correlate with the sources of fear, on the left. Developing vigilant, prepared and resilient communities can not only address the hazard/crime itself, but also the fear of the hazard/crime. WORKBOOK: Page 2 � What creates fear in communities? How might we diffuse the fear of terrorism in our communities? WRITTEN RESOURCE: C7-1 Winning the Battle Vs. War Worries

20. 20 We don�t know... What a terrorist looks like. When the next attack will occur. Where the next attack will occur. How long the battle will last. If terrorists have weapons of mass destruction. How many casualties will be incurred. Who are our �friends� and who are our enemies. What we don�t know. (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: 1 - When we pretend to know what a terrorist looks like, community relationships begin to erode. 2,3 - The question is not �if� another attack will occur, but �when� and �where� it will occur. 4 - If terrorism is an act of war; the war may last as long as the �cause� endures. If terrorism is an act of crime; it may be here to stay. 5,6 � As in war AND crime, the weapons of the offender can dramatically affect the outcome. 7 - There are too many questions that remain unanswered.(this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: 1 - When we pretend to know what a terrorist looks like, community relationships begin to erode. 2,3 - The question is not �if� another attack will occur, but �when� and �where� it will occur. 4 - If terrorism is an act of war; the war may last as long as the �cause� endures. If terrorism is an act of crime; it may be here to stay. 5,6 � As in war AND crime, the weapons of the offender can dramatically affect the outcome. 7 - There are too many questions that remain unanswered.

21. 21 We do know... This battle will probably last longer than any previously known There is not enough money in the world that can completely deter terrorism Terrorists only have to be successful one time Fear and anxiety are normal and healthy There is a precarious balance between civil rights and homeland security Partnerships between police and community may deter SOME acts of terrorism A strong local-federal partnership is essential (this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: 1 � Each terrorist act is linked with a �cause.� These causes may be real or imagined. The result, however, is the same. 2 ,3 � There WILL be another terrorist attack. 4,5 � Fear and anxiety can also change our behavior both individually and as a community. 6 � Partnerships between police and community may also deter FEAR of terrorism. 7 � Terrorism is not limited to a certain place, city or time. It usually occurs when we are complacent.(this page ~2 min) SLIDE NOTES: 1 � Each terrorist act is linked with a �cause.� These causes may be real or imagined. The result, however, is the same. 2 ,3 � There WILL be another terrorist attack. 4,5 � Fear and anxiety can also change our behavior both individually and as a community. 6 � Partnerships between police and community may also deter FEAR of terrorism. 7 � Terrorism is not limited to a certain place, city or time. It usually occurs when we are complacent.

22. 22 A Model of Political Terrorism (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Political terrorism occurs in several different forms � state, anti-state, and issue terrorism. State Terrorism The government actually engages in political terrorism Formal � use against own people, suppress dissidents [example � ethnic cleansing thru secret police] Informal � after regimes change, malicious warring � permit use of regime control External � outside state borders [Iraq � executing nationals] Anti-state Terrorism Religious � tends to transcends ethnic, linguistic barriers, politically diverse groups Secular ideological terrorism � Weatherman group to overthrow capitalism Ethnic/nationalist � minority groups creating independent state [IRA, BASQUE, Spain] Issue Terrorism (showing up in the last 30 years) Extreme response to a perceived issue or grievance within society (detailed in the next slide) (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Political terrorism occurs in several different forms � state, anti-state, and issue terrorism. State Terrorism The government actually engages in political terrorism Formal � use against own people, suppress dissidents [example � ethnic cleansing thru secret police] Informal � after regimes change, malicious warring � permit use of regime control External � outside state borders [Iraq � executing nationals] Anti-state Terrorism Religious � tends to transcends ethnic, linguistic barriers, politically diverse groups Secular ideological terrorism � Weatherman group to overthrow capitalism Ethnic/nationalist � minority groups creating independent state [IRA, BASQUE, Spain] Issue Terrorism (showing up in the last 30 years) Extreme response to a perceived issue or grievance within society (detailed in the next slide)

23. 23 Contemporary Forms of Issue Terrorism (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Here, issue terrorism is further defined. Issue Terrorism Environmental � resource development (logging, oil industry, fish farming) and genetic engineering Animal rights � animal welfare began in United Kingdom at turn of century, less suffering for animals, 1970�s turned to animal rights, more radical perspectives. Most violent have taken place in United Kingdom. [ ALF] Abortion rights �terrorist activity in U.S. and Canada, rare in Europe US, centered on rights and freedoms, more room for argument Europe centered on health � legalization based on different steps Other issues will arise; and the more contentious the issues, the more passion, the more likely there will be more severe forms of dissent. Issue terrorism is currently the greatest threat (by volume), and trends suggest it is likely to grow. (this page ~3 min) SLIDE NOTES: Here, issue terrorism is further defined. Issue Terrorism Environmental � resource development (logging, oil industry, fish farming) and genetic engineering Animal rights � animal welfare began in United Kingdom at turn of century, less suffering for animals, 1970�s turned to animal rights, more radical perspectives. Most violent have taken place in United Kingdom. [ ALF] Abortion rights �terrorist activity in U.S. and Canada, rare in Europe US, centered on rights and freedoms, more room for argument Europe centered on health � legalization based on different steps Other issues will arise; and the more contentious the issues, the more passion, the more likely there will be more severe forms of dissent. Issue terrorism is currently the greatest threat (by volume), and trends suggest it is likely to grow.

24. (this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from ethics to defining the community�s responsibility. BREAK (this page ~1 min + 10 min break) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from ethics to defining the community�s responsibility. BREAK

25. 25 What can the community do? DHS Prevention Vulnerability Recovery Communities Be vigilant Be prepared Build resiliency (this page ~37 min) SLIDE NOTES: The mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is broken into three parts: prevention, reducing vulnerability, and rapid recovery. While there are currently no standards for community involvement, it could be argued that individuals and community also have responsibility in each of these areas. In the area of prevention - communities can be vigilant about watching for things out of the norm in their own neighborhoods. In the area of vulnerability - individuals can pack an emergency preparedness kit. In the area of recovery - people can build relationships of trust and follow-through now, so that support structure is there if and when it is needed. WCPC has a commitment to develop community wellness through the application of the community policing philosophy. We believe that, in the context of homeland security, �community wellness� is defined as vigilance, preparedness and resiliency. ACTIVITY: F1-1 Defining Terms with Flags WRITTEN RESOURCE: F1-1 Homeland Security Civil Defense (this page ~37 min) SLIDE NOTES: The mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is broken into three parts: prevention, reducing vulnerability, and rapid recovery. While there are currently no standards for community involvement, it could be argued that individuals and community also have responsibility in each of these areas. In the area of prevention - communities can be vigilant about watching for things out of the norm in their own neighborhoods. In the area of vulnerability - individuals can pack an emergency preparedness kit. In the area of recovery - people can build relationships of trust and follow-through now, so that support structure is there if and when it is needed. WCPC has a commitment to develop community wellness through the application of the community policing philosophy. We believe that, in the context of homeland security, �community wellness� is defined as vigilance, preparedness and resiliency. ACTIVITY: F1-1 Defining Terms with Flags WRITTEN RESOURCE: F1-1 Homeland Security Civil Defense

26. (this page ~1 min + 60 min lunch) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from defining the community�s responsibility to defining the leader�s role. LUNCH (this page ~1 min + 60 min lunch) SLIDE NOTES: Use this slide to transition from defining the community�s responsibility to defining the leader�s role. LUNCH

27. 27 Community Action Communities across America are discovering the power they have to heal themselves Youth (communities) want meaningful roles Provided with awareness and the necessary tools, communities will rise to the occasion to address local problems (this page ~1 min) SLIDE NOTES: It does not require an official title or rank to make change in your community. It only takes a conviction and a commitment. When the motivation/vision presents itself, the human resources and abilities are readily available. For three decades, the philosophy of community oriented policing has been the ideal operating strategy for law enforcement. The main components or principles of this philosophy are: partnerships, problem solving, organizational change, prevention and ethical behavior. For decades, law enforcement has taken the lead in partnering with the community and have felt frustrated at the lack of success they have had in maintaining community groups involved in problem solving. Part of the problem has been that law enforcement engage the community in the problem solving process late in the game�when they are �ready� to have them involved. Community action planning calls for the police and the community to engage at the beginning steps of identifying issues and problems and to work hand-in-hand in problem solving. Communities need and want meaningful roles, not just their opinions about what the police should be doing. True partnering involves engagement at the front end, equal status, and meaningful roles. (this page ~1 min) SLIDE NOTES: It does not require an official title or rank to make change in your community. It only takes a conviction and a commitment. When the motivation/vision presents itself, the human resources and abilities are readily available. For three decades, the philosophy of community oriented policing has been the ideal operating strategy for law enforcement. The main components or principles of this philosophy are: partnerships, problem solving, organizational change, prevention and ethical behavior. For decades, law enforcement has taken the lead in partnering with the community and have felt frustrated at the lack of success they have had in maintaining community groups involved in problem solving. Part of the problem has been that law enforcement engage the community in the problem solving process late in the game�when they are �ready� to have them involved. Community action planning calls for the police and the community to engage at the beginning steps of identifying issues and problems and to work hand-in-hand in problem solving. Communities need and want meaningful roles, not just their opinions about what the police should be doing. True partnering involves engagement at the front end, equal status, and meaningful roles.

28. 28 Community ActionPlanning Moving from �A� to �B� (this page ~1 min) SLIDE NOTES: Communities are motivated to plan because they are desirous of change. We can describe that change as moving from an existing condition (A) to a desired condition (B). The details of the action plan simply describe the path - how the change will be implemented. Exercise: Individually consider your community and write a brief one-sentence description of a �condition� that exists that you would like to change. This is condition A. We focus on the �conditions� such as �in our community children feel unsafe walking to school� as opposed to � in our community we have a problem with bullies frightening children as they walk to school�, to eliminate �blaming�. Now write a sentence that describe how you would like your community to be. Condition B: �In our community, children feel safe when they walk to school.� Focus is placed on identifying root causes that allow those conditions to exist and then plan how to address or change those conditions. (this page ~1 min) SLIDE NOTES: Communities are motivated to plan because they are desirous of change. We can describe that change as moving from an existing condition (A) to a desired condition (B). The details of the action plan simply describe the path - how the change will be implemented. Exercise: Individually consider your community and write a brief one-sentence description of a �condition� that exists that you would like to change. This is condition A. We focus on the �conditions� such as �in our community children feel unsafe walking to school� as opposed to � in our community we have a problem with bullies frightening children as they walk to school�, to eliminate �blaming�. Now write a sentence that describe how you would like your community to be. Condition B: �In our community, children feel safe when they walk to school.� Focus is placed on identifying root causes that allow those conditions to exist and then plan how to address or change those conditions.