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� The study of life. � Biological principles are daily being applied for the benefit of man —in controlling disease, improving health, developing better foods, conserving natural resources, and understanding our environment.
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�Biological principles are daily being applied for the benefit of man—in controlling disease, improving health, developing better foods, conserving naturalresources, and understanding our environment
Industry, agriculture, government, and the medical profession provide unlimited vocational opportunities to young people with a biologicalbackground. • Students find that biology offers many interesting and rewarding hobbies as well as giving them a better understanding of themselves and a greater appreciation of the living things that surroundthem.
�Biology students should be open-minded and use careful judgment. A healthy curiosity, believer in cause and effect, and order in nature is imperative.
�ACELL Stained CheekCells
�Cell = basic unit of structure and function of all livingthings �Unicellularbacterium, paramecium,amoeba �Muticellular-humans, snakes, plants,etc. -
�Each organized structure in an organism has a specificfunction • Ex: an anteater’s snout functions as a container for its longtongue • �All parts form an orderly functioningunit
�Species mustreplace themselves �Is NOT necessary for the survival of the individual organism; it is needed forthe survival of thespecies!
�Living things grow because their CELLS grow anddivide! �Growth = the increase in living material (cellular mass) and the formation of newstructures �Development = the changes that take place during the life of theorganism.
�Stimulus = a condition in the environment that creates a response from theorganism. • Ex: temperature, weather, other organisms,etc.. • �Response = the reaction to astimulus • Critical for the safety and survival of an organism!
�Ex: Stimulus = shark smells blood in the water; Response = shark moves quickly toward the blood and attacks any organismpresent
�Energy= the ability to doworkor to make thingsmove. • Powers lifeprocesses • Maintains homeostasis, growth, reproduction,and movement. • Obtained from the FOOD they eat. (plants maketheir own!)
·Main source of energyfor all life is theSun ·Energy not only flows through the organism, but also through the community.
�Homeostasis = the regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions that allow it tolive. oEx: Human’s sweating and shivering, help the body maintain its proper temperature-regulated by the hypothalamus oEx: pH regulation of the blood regulated byhormones -
oEx: Calcium regulation for nerve and muscle function- regulated by the kidneys andintestine oEx: Blood glucose balance- regulated by the pancreas/insulin oEx: Water balance-regulated via food/water intake and waste elimination
oStructure and behaviorexamples: �Adaptations = are structures, behaviors, or internal processes that enable an organism to respond tostimuli. •Long hind legs enable rabbits to quickly avoid predators; fur to regulate body temperature; changing fur color for the differentseasons
oInternal stimuliexamples: •Water balance, salt balance and infections
�Movement oMotion vs. Locomotion – what is thedifference? oMotion = movement/gestures oLocomotion = The ability to move or travel from placeto place
1.Energy •Main source of energy—> SUN •Plants get energy directly from thesun •Decomposers get energy from dead animals andplants •Animals get energy from eating plants or an organism that eat plants
2. Water, Oxygen,and Minerals •Most organisms needWATER in order tosurvive •Living things are made upof about 70%water
