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Indian Achievements

Indian Achievements. Chapter 19, Section 5. Main Ideas:. Indian artists created great works of religious art. Sanskrit literature flourished during the Gupta period. The Indians made scientific advances in metalwork, medicine, and other sciences. The Big Idea:.

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Indian Achievements

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  1. Indian Achievements Chapter 19, Section 5

  2. Main Ideas: • Indian artists created great works of religious art. • Sanskrit literature flourished during the Gupta period. • The Indians made scientific advances in metalwork, medicine, and other sciences.

  3. The Big Idea: • The people of ancient India made great contributions to the arts and sciences.

  4. Key Terms • Metallurgy- the science of working with metals • Alloys- mixtures of two or more metals • Hindu-Arabic numerals- the numbering system invented by Indian mathematicians and brought to Europe by Arabs; the numbers we use today • Inoculation- a method of injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help him or her build up defenses to a disease • Astronomy- the study of stars and planets

  5. Religious Art: Temples • Early Hindu temples were small, stone structures. • During the Gupta period, temple architecture became more complex. • Buddhist temples were just as impressive and frequently built them out of mountainsides. • The most impressive were at Ajanta and Ellnore.

  6. Religious Art: Temples • Another type of Buddhist temple was the stupa. • Stupas had domed roofs and were built to house sacred items from the life of Buddha

  7. Religious Art: Paintings and Sculpture • Painting was a respected profession in the Gupta period. • Paintings were signed by the person who paid for them. • Most paintings were clear and colorful. • Some give a glimpse of daily life and ceremonies during this time period.

  8. Religious Art: Paintings and Sculpture • Hindu artists painted hundreds of gods on temple walls. • Buddhists covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes of the life of Buddha.

  9. Religious Art: Paintings and Sculptures • Many sculptures were made for Buddhist cave temples. • They carved statues of kings and Buddha. • Hindu temples made statues of their gods. Some walls were completely covered with sculptures.

  10. Sanskrit Literature: Religious Epics • Two great epics were written in this time period. • Mahabharata: • Longest piece of literature ever written • Includes long passages about Hindu beliefs. • Famous passage= Bhagavad • Ramayana: • This is a story of a prince named Rama who is the god Vishnu in human form and lives a perfect life.

  11. Sanskrit Literature: Other Works • Writers during this period also created plays, poetry, and other pieces of literature. • A famous writer named Kalidasa was so brilliant that Candra Gupta II hired him to write plays for the court. • A collection of stories called Panchatantracontained lessons that praised people for cleverness and quick thinking. • This became popular in Europe when it was translated.

  12. From Panchatantra: • “The good and bad of given schemes • Wise thought must first reveal: • The stupid heron saw his chicks • Provide a mongoose meal” -translated by Arthur Williams Ryder

  13. Scientific Advances: Metalworking • Metallurgy- the science of working with metals. • They also knew the process of mixing metals. • Alloys- mixtures of two or more metals. • They made strong products out of iron. • Iron Pillar near Delhi

  14. Medicine • Medical sciences advanced during this time period. • They wrote down what they learned in textbooks. • They described how to use plants and minerals for medicine. • Inoculation- the practice of injecting a person with a small does of a virus to help him or her build a defense to the disease. • They performed surgeries!

  15. Scientific Advances: Mathematics and other Sciences • Hindu-Arabic numerals- the numbers that we use today!

  16. Astronomy • Astronomy is the study of the stars and planets. • They knew that there were seven of the nine planets. • They knew the sun was a star and that the planets revolved around the sun. • They knew that the earth was a sphere and spun on an axis. • They could predict the eclipses of the sun and moon.

  17. Summary of Hinduism: • Hindus believe in the divinity of the Vedas. • Hindus believe in one supreme creator of the universe. (Many gods within a larger god) • Hindus believe that the universe has an endless cycles of creation, life and death. • Hindus believe in karma. • Hindus believe in reincarnation. • Hindus believe that divine beings exist in unseen worlds and that temple worship, rituals, sacraments as well as personal devotionals create a communion with these devas and Gods. • Hindus believe in discipline, good conduct, purification, pilgrimage, self-inquiry and meditation. • Hindus believe in nonviolence. • http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Hinduism/2000/06/A-Summary-Of-What-Most-Hindus-Believe.aspx#DTBQzzEOSvxSVHYW.99

  18. Summary of Buddhism: • Based on the life of Buddha, also called the "Enlightened One.” • After he became enlightened, he taught that the way to eliminate suffering begins with understanding the true nature of the world(Four Noble Truths about suffering). • However, the Buddha considered knowledge important only insofar as it remains practical. • Buddhist should focus on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. • Buddhists are nonviolent and do not want to harm life.

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