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Chapter 14: The Growth of Trade. Lesson 3: Ocean Trade. From Baghdad to Guangzhou. What city was known as the “harbor of the world”? Baghdad. From Baghdad to Guangzhou.
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Chapter 14: The Growth of Trade Lesson 3: Ocean Trade
From Baghdad to Guangzhou • What city was known as the “harbor of the world”? Baghdad
From Baghdad to Guangzhou • Merchants planned their voyages around the monsoons, or strong winds that reverse their direction with the changing seasons. Over the Indian Ocean, the winter monsoon blows from the northeast, (Nov-April). The summer monsoon blows from the southwest, (May-Oct).
From Baghdad to Guangzhou • Seagoing peoples along the Indian Ocean had developed the lateen sail, a triangle-shaped sail that lets a boat or ship travel into the wind.
From Baghdad to Guangzhou • Arab boats, known as dhows, used lateen sails to travel east toward China.
From Baghdad to Guangzhou • The entire trip from Baghdad to Guangzhou took about 18 months to complete.
Indian Ocean Trade • Although Arabs were the main traders on the Indian Ocean, other merchants also used the ocean trade routes such as Jewish, Indian, and Chinese traders
Indian Ocean Trade • A junk is a large wooden ship with trapezoid-shaped sails that are strengthened with strips of bamboo.
Zheng He • In the early 1400s, Chinese traders under the command of Admiral Zheng He visited what are now Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the Arabian Peninsula, and the coast of eastern Africa.
Zheng He was not only a sailor but also a diplomat--a person skilled in developing treaties between nations.
Trade Settlements in Eastern Africa • Because their journeys on the Indian Ocean were very long, Arab merchants started communities in some of the ports they visited.
How did Islam spread in lands bordering the Indian Ocean? • Arab traders settled along the Indian Ocean and brought Islam with them
Trade Settlements in Eastern Africa • Arab traders brought cloth, spices, and pottery to eastern Africa and exchanged them from African gold, ivory, animal skins, and sometimes slaves.
Reports of great wealth of the Arab cities in Africa brought the Chinese admiral Zheng He to eastern Africa where he saw many interesting things including a giraffe.
The Pacific Islands • The Pacific Islands had been settled centuries before the Chinese controlled coastal trade along the Asian coast of the Pacific.
The Pacific Islands • “The Dark Islands” Melanesia • “The Small Islands” Micronesia • “The Many Islands” Polynesia
The boats used by people settled on the island were small but well suited to ocean travel with outriggers, or wooden frames placed on each side. This kept the boats from tipping over in rough seas.
To navigate in the open sea, the Pacific Islanders used the sun and the stars. They also studied star paths, the paths the stars in the night sky seem to follow because of Earth’s rotation.
The Pacific Islands • Traders regularly sailed among the many separate islands in an archipelago , a group or chain of islands.
