FASH 15 textiles care of textile products

1. FASH 15 textiles care of textile products

2. care of textile products • care describes: • the cleaning procedures used to remove soil & return products to new or nearly new condition • appropriate storage conditions • …examine the care labels on the clothing or textile products you have with you today—you can help a neighbor if it is easier • …using the following list (pg. 478) are there any care terms that you do not understand

3. care of textile products

4. soil & soil removal • soil is any substance not intended to be on a textile—classified into several categories bases on: • type • how it is held on fabric • EXAMPLES: • gum, mud, wax—held on mechanically & removed mechanically by scraping or agitation • lint & dust—held on by electrostatic forces & removed by water which neutralizes charge • coffee & other beverages—water-soluble thus dissolves in water

5. detergency • refers to manner in which soap or detergent removes soil • adding soap or synthetic detergent to a solvent lowers the surface tension of the solvent—allowing things to wet more quickly • soap or detergent molecule: • organic “tail” has affinity for organic soils • polar “head” has affinity for solvent • literally dislodges soil

6. solvents • liquid that dissolves other materials—water most common solvent in laundering • water: • used in washing because it is cheap, readily available, nontoxic, requires no special equipment • hardness, temperature & volume affect cleaning • other solvents: • organic, used in dry cleaning, spot removal or spotting agents • perchloroethylene (perc or PCE) most common in dry cleaning • dissolve oils, greases, & other stubborn stains

7. laundering • most common means of cleaning consumer textiles • appropriate care for textile product depends on: • dyes or pigments • fabrication • finish • product construction • other materials—trims, support materials, linings, buttons, etc… • type of soil • extent of soiling

8. synthetic detergents & soaps • remove and suspend soils • minimize effects of hard water • alter surface tension of water & other solvents • synthetic detergents— • mixtures of many ingredients—recipe depends upon type which is related to soil, water conditions, regulations & laws • nontoxic, phosphate-free, biodegradable, free of perfumes & dyes, all-in-one • soaps— • produced from naturally occurring animal or vegetable oils or fats—effective in removing oily or greasy stains

9. synthetic detergents & soaps—additives • surfactants • builders • enzymes • antifading agents • dye-transfer inhibitors • antiredeposition agents • perfumes • dyes • fluorescent whitening agents • soil-release polymer • bleach • fabric softener • disinfectant • enzymatic presoaks • pretreatments • starch or sizing • bluing

10. sorting • before cleaning, sort items to minimize problems & remove soil as efficiently as possible • sort by: • color • type of garment—work garments & delicate items • type of soil • recommended care method • propensity of fabrics to lint • close zippers & buttons to avoid snagging • check pockets • check for stains, holes or tears & repair as needed

11. washing machines • most contemporary washing machines allow for easy use by providing predetermined wash cycles for today’s textiles • follow care labels on clothing & use instruction booklets • top loading machines—(vertical axis) • efficient at cleaning; use significant water & energy with every load • front loading machine—(horizontal axis) • larger capacity due to lack of agitator, use less water, cannot open mid-cycle, do not dry out between loads

12. drying • removes solvent from textile • recommended procedure generally specified on label • machine drying most severe due to abrasion & agitation • other options use less energy but more individual effort & time • hang dry/line dry—inside or outside • drying flat • steam dryers • vent-free dryers

13. dry cleaning • solvents other than water used to remove soil from textiles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTMuJmZDPkA • because of concerns regarding toxicity & environmental impact, new solvents are available • leather & fur— • must remove soil without damaging dye or finish & restore oils that cleaning removes • complex & expensive process • should be cleaned by specialists http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BDDuTkcUjg&feature=related (part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-69AQy47s0&feature=related (part 2)

14. home solvent cleaning • products available to “freshen” dry-clean only items at home • stain removal solution • bag for use in home dryer • solvent treated moist cloth • always pre-treat stains & test for colorfastness before use

15. professional wet cleaning commercial alternative to dry cleaning for items labeled “dry clean only”—almost every type of dry-cleanable fabric can be wet-cleaned more complex than home laundering—requires training in selecting & using proper techniques

16. storage • important aspect to consider for textile products • storage conditions may influence: • appearance • quality • performance • incorrect storage may result in: • permanently set wrinkles • discoloration • dye or print transfer • damage from insects, mold or heat • acid degradation

17. other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery vacuuming—uses suction to pull particulate soil from carpeting, upholstered furniture & wall or window coverings wet cleaning—uses water-based detergents in foam form & has extended drying times dry-foam cleaning—done by hand with foam sprayed on carpet or by employing a machine that deposits detergent solution foam just ahead of agitating brush

18. other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery hot-water extraction—fine-spray of hot-water-detergent solution injected into carpet then removed almost immediately by powerful vacuum which also removes soil absorbent powder cleaning—absorbent powders (combining detergents, water & solvents) sprinkled on surface, worked into pile or fabric, removed by vacuuming ultrasonic cleaning—requires special cleaning facility—high frequency sound waves attract soil and remove it from carpet fibers