East Asian Empires Continued

1. East Asian Empires Continued Global Studies 1 Ms. Looper

2. The Mongol Conquest Chapter 12. 2

3. Nomads of the Asian Steppe • Eurasian Steppe are dry grasslands that are home to the Huns, Turks, and Mongols. • Steppe people were nomadic pastoralists, herding domestic animals. • Steppe people travel together in clans. Each clans member claim to be descended from a common ancestor.

4. The Rise of Mongols • The Mongols roamed the steppes for centuries in clans. • Temujin sought to unify the clans to create a military force of conquest. Once unified he took the name Genghis Khan “Universal Ruler” • Genghis sough control of China, by 1225 the Mongols were in control of all of Central Asia, destroying one city after another.

5. The Mongolian Empire • For 50 years the Mongols conquered lands from China to Poland, creating the largest unified land empire in history. • By 1260 the Mongol Empire had divided itself into four regions called the Khanate. The leaders of each khanate were direct descendants of Genghis. • From the mid-1200’s to the mid-1300’s was a period of Mongolian stability known as the Pax Mongolica

6. Kublai Khan • Kublai Khan the grandson of Genghis Khan assumed the title of Great Khan in 1260. • In 1279 Kublai overwhelmed China with great military force and took over as China’s new Emperor. • The period of Kublai’s rule of China is known as the Yuan ear.

7. Mongol Rule in China • Although Kublai and the Mongols ruled china, the Mongolian and Chinese people lived very different and separated live. • Kublai Khan established the Grand Canal and increased foreign trade in China. • With the increase of trade Europeans began to come to China, including Marco Polo. • Marco Polo served Kublai for 17 years as a government explorer.

9. Feudalism in Japan

10. Growth of Japanese Civilization • The first historical reference of Japan is in China’s history. • Japan was not a unified country, but ruled on clans of their own territory. • Early Japanese clans worshiped their own gods. These religious beliefs later became know as Shinto or “the was of the gods”

11. Yamato Emperors • By A.D 400 the Yamato’s established itself as the lead clan of Japan.

12. Japanese Culture • Japanese culture is largely borrowed by Korea and China. • Religious ideas such as Buddhism was brought to Japan by Korean travelers in the mid-700’s. • Japan borrowed the Chinese writing systems, and the art of everyday living. (cooking, gardening, clothing)

13. Feudalism Erodes Imperialism • During the Heian period of Japan the Fujiwara family held control. By the 11th century their power began to slip. • Large landowners began to form private armies. Member of the lords armies were known as samurai “one who serves”. • The samurai lived by the Bushido code “the way of the warrior” • The land lords and large clans went to war, after 30 years the Minamoto Family came to power. Their leader Yoritomo took the title of shogun “supreme general of the emperor’s army”.

14. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea

15. Southeast Asia • The Khmer Empire- Cambodia, served as the main power of southeast Asian mainland. • The Khmer capital was Angkor, within the city large temple complexes were build, the Angkor Wat is one of the world’s greatest architectural achievements.

16. Korean Dynasties • Early Korea was ruled by clans and large families. • Much of Korea was conquered by the Huns. • In the mid-600’s the Silla clan took control driving the Chinese and Hun leaders out of Korea. • The Silla build Buddhism in Korea, developing monasteries and a writing system of Korean phonetically though.

17. Koryu Dynasty • In 935 Wang Kon, leader of rebel forces took control of Korea, founding the Koryu Dynasty. • The Koryu Dynasty modeled a central government from China. The society was divided strictly by land aristocrats and the rest of the population. • The Koryu fell in 1392 by invasion of the Mongol Empire.