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History of Medical Imaging

History of Medical Imaging. Jun Ni, Ph.D. Department of Radiology Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa. Classic. Careful anatomical studies of the dead. Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson of Prof. Nicolaes Tulp (1632)

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History of Medical Imaging

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  1. History of Medical Imaging Jun Ni, Ph.D. Department of Radiology Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Introduction to Medical Imaging

  2. Classic • Careful anatomical studies of the dead Rembrandt’s Anatomy Lesson of Prof. Nicolaes Tulp (1632) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr._Nicolaes_Tulp

  3. Revolution in Medical Imaging • Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen’s discovery of Penetraing X-ray • Professor at Wuerzburg University in Germany. • Discovered by German physicist on November 8, 1895 • Reported to the world shortly after the first of the year 1896 • Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901 (1845-1923) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen

  4. Revolution in Medical Imaging • Two important hands • Roentgen's X-ray picture of the hand of Albert von Kölliker, taken 23 January 1896 • Bertha Röntgen's hand, one of the first X-ray images.

  5. Success of Multidisciplinary Work • Bridging medical science with other sciences, physics, chemistry, engineering, … • Medical science: observational description with empirical treatments • Co-exact sciences (physics, chemistry, and engineering science, etc) are quantitative measurement, tangible depiction, and physical modeling • Reunification of co-exact sciences • Toward to the prediction of boundaries between health and disease with much clear pictures and systematic process

  6. Time (years) WW II Parallel Technology Developments • Medical imaging • Experimental physics • Computing • Before and during WW II • Nuclear physics • Nuclear engineering • Digital electronic and computing • Radio and wave • After WW II (1947) • Nuclear medicine, ultrasonic imaging, nuclear Magnetic resonance from wartime technologies Development in parallel

  7. X-ray Radiography: The First Revolution • Diagnostic medical imaging • 100 years • X-ray diagnostics • Radiation therapeutic methods

  8. X-ray Radiography: The First Revolution • Dominated and frequently use in medicine • Mammography (low dose X-rays): the process of using low-dose X-rays (usually around 0.7 mSv) to examine the human breast • gold standard for the early detection of breast cancer • Dentistry – Dental X-ray, used extensively in the medical and dental professions to diagnose and treat a wide variety of conditions

  9. X-ray CT: The Second Revolution • Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield CBE (28 August 1919 – 12 August 2004) • English electrical engineer • Computer-assisted X-ray tomography scanner (CAT scanner) • Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack (1979)

  10. X-ray CT: The Second Revolution • Idea: taking X-ray readings at all angles around the object • Constructing a computer that could take input from X-rays at various angles to create an image of the object in "slices". • At the time, Hounsfield was not aware of the work that Cormack had done on the theoretical mathematics for such a device. The prototype CT scanner Hounsfield's sketch

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