Presentation Transcript

1. Semester 1 Final Exam Review

   US History

2. Industrialization- Causes Natural Resources Timber, iron, copper, coal, oil No dependence on foreign resources Keeps jobs in US Large Workforce Immigration Larger Families (better living conditions support bigger families)
3. Industrialization- Causes New Inventions/Technology Telephone=better communications Light bulb=cheap lighting, easier Automatic Loom=Made cloth faster Free Enterprise “Laissez-faire” policies: “Let people do as they choose,” or hands-off economic policies Few restrictions and interference from government Allowed trusts and monopolies to dominate markets
4. Industrialization- Unions Want to improve: Working Conditions- dangerous, dirty Wages- Most people don’t make enough to live on Job Security- people can be easily replaced Tensions between workers and employers Methods for improvement Strikes- unsuccessful due to violence, government support of businesses, blacklisting Protests Government Reform
5. The Gilded Age- Positives Gilded- cheaper metal covered in gold Individualism- an individual can advance socially and economically through hard work Industrial Growth- industries create goods, jobs, and economic growth in the U.S. New Technologies- telephone, light bulb, automatic loom, etc. help make life easier
6. The Guilded Age- Positives Urban Growth- people move to cities in the northeast and mid-west like Chicago, Detroit, and New York Social Darwinism- Human society evolves through competition and natural selection (survival of the fittest) Political Machines- help immigrant find jobs, housing, etc.
7. The Gilded Age- Negatives Uneven distribution of wealth- wealthy upper class v. poor working class Urban Poverty Crowded housing Poor sanitation Low wages Social Darwinism- used to justify monopolies, poverty, and leaves behind anyone who is weak, poor, uneducated, elderly, disabled, etc.
8. The Gilded Age- Negatives Political Machines- encourage government corruption, voting fraud, bribes, etc. Nativism- Opposition to immigrants in the U.S. Want to keep American culture and language “pure” Industrial Growth- unregulated industries exploited natural resources and caused pollution
9. Segregation- Problems Segregation- the separation of particular groups based on race, ethnicity, religion, etc. Voting Restrictions Poll taxes- paying a fee in order to vote Literacy tests- taken in order to vote, but designed to keep African Americans from voting Jim Crow Laws- legal, racial segregation to restrict freedoms of African Americans Railroad Cars, Waiting Rooms Restrooms, Drinking Fountains
10. Segregation- Plessy v. Ferguson Homer Plessy sits in “whites only” railroad car, refused to move, arrested Case goes to Supreme Court Plessy says his rights were violated under the 13th and 14th Amendments Court rules for equal political rights under the law, NOT equal social rights “Separate but equal”
11. Imperialism- Causes Expanding Trade Over-production, under-consumption- the U.S. produces more food and goods that it can use Needed new overseas markets to keep the economy strong and competing with European Imperial powers. Military Bases- to protect and enforce U.S. presence in other countries
12. Imperialism- Causes Superiority Anglo-Saxonism- English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government European Competition- U.S. feels a need to compete with Europeans and maintain control of the Western Hemisphere in order to grow the American economy and “survive” as a world power
13. Imperialism- The Spanish-American War Causes Effects Americans identify with Cuban fight for freedom U.S. wants to protect business investments Manipulates and influences public opinions about war Americans outraged; call for U.S. declaration of war Cuban Rebellion against Spain U.S. investment in Cuba, especially sugar Yellow Journalism sensationalizes news Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine
14. Imperialism v. Anti-Imperialism Imperialists Anti-Imperialists Cost of empire > economic benefits Cheap foreign labor drives down American wages= unemployment Imperialism violates American principles Don’t have to own a country to trade with them More markets for American goods Business opportunities Natural resources Military bases Help “less civilized” people “Free oppressed people”
15. Imperialism- Big Stick Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt believed a strong military presence discouraged fighting=peace “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Use intimidation to achieve imperial goals
16. Imperialism- Open Door Policy Sphere of Influence- area where a foreign nation controlled economic development U.S. interested in developing trade with Asian countries like China Open Door Policy All countries are allowed to trade with China Countries not allowed to interfere in the businesses of other countries
17. Progressive Era- Problems Big Businesses unregulated Government Corruption Poor Working Conditions/Wages Gender Inequality Food/Consumer Products unfit for consumption Child Labor Alcohol Abuse/Violence Segregation and Discrimination Exploitation/Over-consumption of natural resources
18. Progressive Era- Reforms Big Business- laws passed to regulate business practices Clayton Anti-Trust Act Expedition Act Government- initiatives for citizen participation Initiative, Referendum, Recall Temperance- Prohibition of Alcohol 18th Amendment
19. Progressive Era- Reforms Working Conditions- Regulations passed to improve conditions, wages, hours, etc. Factory Investigating Commission Child Labor- regulated and encouraged the reduction/abolition of child labor Keating-Owen Act Consumer Protection- laws and regulations to ensure safety and clean production of food and goods Upton Sinclair Food and Drug Administration
20. Progressive Era- Reforms Civil Rights- Raised awareness about social and political inequality Conservation- efforts to preserve natural beauty and resources National Parks Women’s Suffrage- raised awareness and obtained women’s right to vote 19th Amendment New roles for women at home and in society