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An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9

Exercise Science Section 11: Performance Enhancing Substances and Techniques. An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9. Ergogenic Aids. Ergogenic aids are used by some athletes to:. Improve physical appearance.

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An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9

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  1. Exercise ScienceSection 11: Performance Enhancing Substances and Techniques An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9

  2. Ergogenic Aids Ergogenic aids are used by some athletes to: Improve physical appearance Prevent and/or treat injuries, illnesses, or disease Cope with stress Increase athletic potential Bridge the “genetic gap” Three types of Ergogenic Aids: Nutritional aids Pharmacological aids Physiological aids

  3. Nutritional Aids Nutritional supplementsinclude • Vitamins and minerals • Protein and amino acid supplements • Carnitine • Creatine • Caffeine

  4. Vitamins and Minerals Regularly taking megavitamins may cause: Illness Tissue damage Toxic effects to body Supplements are beneficial when a clear deficiency is indicated Athletes are advised to increase food intake, resulting in dietary sources of vitamins and minerals

  5. Protein and Amino Acid Supplements Benefits/risks of protein and amino acid supplements are fraught with conflicting research findings/evidence Studies report that ingesting excessive amounts of protein can produce toxic effects due to overproduction of urea resulting in: Dehydration Muscle cramps Impairment of thermoregulatory function

  6. Carnitine Carnitine is advertised as a “fat burner” that claims to: Decrease lactate production Increase VO2max Delay fatigue Spare glycogen Induce loss of body fat Enhance aerobic and anaerobic capacity Experimental data has failed to support these theories

  7. Creatine Creatine is an oral supplement thatclaims to increase: Phosphocreatine storage in muscle Speed Power Strength Effectiveness of creatine supplement Is still unclear More studies need to be conducted on the safety of long-term use

  8. Caffeine Evidence suggests caffeine increases performance during prolonged endurance and intense short-term exercises Increase alertness Reduces fatigue Energy drinks contain as much as 80mg of caffeine Ingesting caffeine can cause: Dehydration Nervousness Irritability

  9. Pharmacological Aids Pharmacological aids include: Pain-masking drugs Anabolic steroids Prohormones Human growth hormone Erythropoietin

  10. Pain-Masking Drugs Pain-masking agents (narcotic analgesics) include: Morphine Heroin Side effects include: Inability to detect pain to prevent serious or permanent injury from occurring Physical and psychological dependence

  11. Anabolic Steroids Athletes take Anabolic steroids to: Increase muscle mass Increase strength Decrease body fat Harmful side effects include: Organ damage (liver, kidney) Increased cholesterol Increased blood pressure Increased aggression

  12. Prohormones Prohormones are a type of androgenic steroid Use of prohormones (androstenedione in particular) claim to: Increase physical power Decrease body fat No scientific data to support these theories Harmful side effects include: Baldness Breast enlargement (in males) Aggression and violent behaviour

  13. Human Growth Hormone Synthetic preparations of the Human growth hormone (HGH) is used to achieve: Increased muscle mass Limited weight gain Improved aerobic endurance Health risks include: Heart problems Excessive growth of hands and feet Dangerous enlargement of organs (heart, kidneys, liver)

  14. Erythropoietin Erythropoietin (EPO) used by some athletes competing in endurance sports Shown to cause increase in levels of hemoglobin Allows more oxygen to be carried to tissues Higher red-cell count causes heart to work harder Increases risk of cardiac fatigue and heart failure

  15. Restricted Pharmacological Substances include: Alcohol Marijuana Local anaesthetics Corticosteroids Beta blockers

  16. Alcohol Causes: Sedative effects Confusion Lessen reaction time

  17. Marijuana • Causes: • Affects psychomotor function • Lowers reaction time

  18. Local Anaesthetics Causes: Block pain Further injury can result

  19. Corticosteroids Restricted pharmacological substances include: Corticosteroids: Used to open airways Can be toxic

  20. Beta blockers Causes: Can cause low blood pressure Disrupts sleep patterns

  21. Physiological Aids Physiological methods include: Blood doping Intravenous administration of blood, red blood cells, and related blood products: Raises the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity Increases cardiac output Decreases lactate levels Improves sweating response Drug masking Certain drugs are used to reduce the presence of banned substances Includes agents that dilute concentration in: Bloodstream Diuretics

  22. Drug Testing Ensures an even playing field Test are performed randomly Performed year around

  23. Ethical Issues What would you do? How would your decision impact your family, country, or nation? How would it impact your future?

  24. jeopardylabs.com/edit/performance-enhancers2 jeopardylabs.com/play/performance-enhancers2

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