Global Climate Change Alliance: Intra-ACP Programme Training Module Mainstreaming Climate Change

1. Global Climate Change Alliance: Intra-ACP Programme Training ModuleMainstreaming Climate Change Module 4Climate related evidence and assessment Ms Isabelle MamatySenior ExpertClimate Support Facility

2. Climate related evidence and assessment • Learning objective: • To understand how to raise awareness and to proceed to screening and risk assessment processes • Expected outcomes: • Increased knowledge on raising awareness tools • Increased knowledge on screening tools • Increased knowledge on risk assessment tools

3. Main entry points in the national and sector policy cycles Allocate funding for climate-specific actions Recognise climate risks Include climate considera-tions in project selection criteria Incorporate climate-related activities Include climate-related programmes/ projects (sectoral and cross-sectoral) Relocate funding to vulnerable or priority sectors/ regions Adapted from: Olhoff & Schaer (2010) Fig. 1, p. 10

4. Raising awareness and building partnerships (1) Who might be good champions? Are there already champions? • Assessing available evidence: • using the findings of relevant studies and demonstration/pilot projects • Engaging key actors: • identifying and mobilising key organisations involved in development at the national and sector levels • identifying and mobilising ‘champions’

5. Raising awareness and building partnerships (2) • Developing and implementing a communication and advocacy strategy in support of mainstreaming: • Define the target audience to be informed or influenced • Develop policy-relevant messages and materials based on evidence collected (e.g. policy briefs, radio programmes) • Select and use appropriate communication channels for the various target groups (e.g. media, sector working groups)

6. Tools supporting awareness raising and partnership building ... are also useful for influencing policies and informing planning processes Assessing evidence Engaging key actors Vulnerability and adaptation assessments Awareness raising & partnership building Communication & advocacy strategy Macro and meso economic analysis National consensus on and commitment to climate-resilient and low-emission development Demonstration or pilot projects Adapted from: UNDP-UNEP (2011)

7. EuropeAid’s climate change sector scripts • Agriculture and rural development • Ecosystems and biodiversity management • Education • Energy supply • Health • Infrastructure • Solid waste management • Trade and investment • Water supply and sanitation

8. Vulnerability and adaptation assessment objectives • The objective of the vulnerability and adaptation assessment is to identify, describe and assess: • The main vulnerabilities associated with current and future climate and climate variability. •  Existing coping strategies and adaptation responses to these risks. • Current and future adaptation needs. • Options and measures to enhance current and future resilience and adaptive capacity. Source: Downing & Patwardhan (2004)

9. Vulnerability and adaptation assessment • A vulnerability and adaptation assessment would typically focus on 3 units of analysis: • Places: land, water, ecosystems, ‘natural capital’ and ‘built infrastructure’ • People: individuals, communities, ‘human capital’, livelihoods • Institutions: sectors, organisations, how they relate to each other, ‘social capital’ • It should assess both current & future vulnerability to determine possible adaptation measures Source: Downing & Patwardhan (2004)

10. Steps in community vulnerability & adaptation assessment Source: IPCC (2007c) 4th Assessment Report, WG II - Fig. 16.3

11. Mapping vulnerability Source: Economics of Climate Adaptation (2009) Test case on Samoa – Focus on risks caused by sea level rise, Fig. 03, p. 122

12. Macro- and meso-economic analysis • Economic analysis may be a powerful tool for motivating policy makers to take action • Macro level: analysis of the impact climate change may have on the national economy • Meso level: analysis at the level of key sectors or sub-sectors of the national economy • The costs of inaction (climate-related losses) are compared with the net benefits of taking action (avoided losses minus costs) • The analysis should also consider the distribution of losses and benefits (among social groups, regions...)

13. Demonstration projects Support lesson drawing for adaptive management Test what works and does not work (relevance, effectiveness) Mobilise communities, local/regional authorities & other stakeholders Demonstration/pilot projects Help foster interest and commitment of national authorities & other stakeholders Create motivation and knowledge for replication/ scaling-up Source: UNDP-UNEP (2011)

14. Climate risk screening : Hazard and risk Probability of occurrence Hazard Risk Severity of consequences

15. Climate risk screening objectives Exposure to the effects of CC Maladaptation risk Sensitivity to such effects Optional: Impacts on climate (GHG emissions/ emission removals) Response & adaptation capacity • Identifies potential risks for a programme or project by assessing, in its specific context: • A standard screening questionnaire can be developed to support this exercise

16. Climate risk screening: key factors to consider • Location • Sector • Relationship of the planned intervention to livelihoods • Socio-economic conditions (current – projected) • Adaptive capacity of various stakeholder groups • Including current coping mechanisms / autonomous adaptation measures • Lifetime of the considered investments/activities

17. Outcomes of climate risk screening None or low No specific action, or limited measures Vulnerability to the effects of CC Further investigation, adaptation measures Medium High Further investigation, redesign for reduced vulnerability/enhanced adaptive capacity, or even abandonment No No specific action Risk of maladaptation Yes Further investigation, redesign for reduced maladaptation risk, or even abandonment Insignificant No specific action, or limited measures GHG emissions or emission removals Significant (*) Further investigation and enhancement of mitigation potential (*) In proportion to the size/scope of the intervention

18. Climate risk assessment objectives The assessment of future climate risks should be anchored to an assessment of current risks • Climate risk assessment(CRA) is a dedicated study aimed at: • assessing in further detail the risks identified during climate risk screening • identifying possible risk prevention, risk mitigation and other adaptation measures • assessing these options • formulating concrete recommendations with regard to the design of the programme or project

19. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) Ensures that environmental considerations are taken into account EARLY in the policy & planning process • A study: • aimed at analysing the environmental consequences of proposed policies/plans/programmes, as well as the main environmental opportunities, risks and constraints to be taken into account • for the purpose of promoting more sustainable development

20. Role of SEA in supporting climate change mainstreaming For a model of ToR, see handout or EC Guidelines on the Integration of Environment & Climate Change (2009), Annex 5 • With adequate ToR, SEA can: • identify elements of the considered policy or programme that are sensitive to or at risk from climate change • identify elements that may result in increased vulnerability to the effects of climate change • assess direct and indirect GHG emissions • identify options for risk management, adaptation and mitigation • and make recommendations on alternatives, on institutional aspects, capacity building, etc.

21. Is the assessment linked to: A specific policy, strategy, programme or project? Vulnerability and adaptation assessment No Yes Yes (†) A specific policy or strategy? Strategic environmental assessment (*) No Yes (†) A specific programme? Climate risk assessment No Yes (†) A specific project? Environmental impact assessment (*) (*) With ToRs adapted to include climate-related considerations (†) Climate risk screening can be applied before undertaking a more detailed assessment

22. Turning words into action

23. Discussion What are the opportunities to develop a climate change related evidence and assessment in your sector or at your level and what are the institutional and capacity needs in your organisation to do so? • Question and answers • Climate related evidence and assessment

24. Presentation of case studies • Presentation of vulnerability and risk assessments case studies

25. Learning process exercise: Working group • Exercise: Assess impacts, vulnerability and define need for action for a given national or sector programme and/or identify climate risks and adaptation opportunities of a given programme/project

26. Recap – Key messages • Mainstreaming climate change at strategic planning levels supports more integrated, effective, efficient and sustainable responses • But top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation are complementary and mainstreaming is also justified at local level • Multiple tools are available to support climate change mainstreaming in policies, strategies, programmes and projects • Both ad hoc studies and assessments, and integration of climate-related considerations in feasibility / formulation studies, support this mainstreaming process

27. Key references • EC (2009a) EC Cooperation: Responding to Climate Change – ‘Sector scripts’ series. European Commission, Brussels • EC (2009b) Guidelines on the Integration of Environment and Climate Change in Development Cooperation. European Commission, Brussels • UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative • UNEP (2005) Communicating Sustainability: How to produce effective public campaigns. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi • Adaptation Learning Mechanism knowledge-sharing platform: http://www.adaptationlearning.net/ • World Bank – Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change web pages: http://climatechange.worldbank.org/content/economics-adaptation-climate-change-study-homepage

28. Thank you Contact: Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat pendomaro@acp.int or +32 495 281 494www.gcca.eu/intra-acp