The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. * What was it??? A change from an agricultural society to an industrial society.

3. Agriculture = farming Industrial - factories

4. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the U.S. around 1800 in the Northern states because…

5. Northern soil poor for farming and the climate was too cold to grow cash crops. (Subsistence Farming: growing barely enough food to feed your family!)

6. 2. Northern states had many rushing rivers = waterpower for factories.

7. Texas remained agricultural because… • Soil and climate good for farming in East and South Texas. • Few rushing rivers for a power source. • West Texas too dry!

8. The Industrial Revolution required the invention of new machines and technology. Technology is any invention that simplifies work.

9. 1st BIG Industrial Invention Eli Whitney invented the cotton ginwhich was a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton. Farm production increased dramatically.

10. Because more cotton could now be grown … More textile industries are needed –(factories in the Norththat produced clothing and cloth items from cotton)

11. Factories Factory System: -a system bringing manufacturing steps together under one roof or in one place. Most early factory employees were women and children working LONG hours.

12. Irish Immigrant Girls working in a factory.

13. 2nd BIG Industrial Invention Interchangeable parts -identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product.

14. * Importance of Interchangeable parts: Mass production of a Variety of Goods So… Prices reduced

15. NorthernTextileCenters:1830s

16. The Cotton Gin’s Impact on Slavery The demand for southern cotton grew dramatically because of the cotton gin and the increased number of textile mills in the north that needed cotton. More northern textile mills = more southern slaves!

17. Brief Summary of the Plantation System East Texas Plantation Home Large plantations were comprised of several thousand acres. Plantation owners had slaves to do all the work. Some worked in the house, some were trained as blacksmiths, carpenters, shoe makers, or weavers, and others worked with animals in pastures. However, most worked long hours in the fields.

18. * cotton gin = • higher demand for cotton = • More textile mills in north = • More slaves in south to work plantations Which leads to…

19. Regional Specialization • NORTH  Industrial (urban = cities) • * SOUTH Agricultural (rural=farms)

20. American Population Centers in 1860… largest cities in the Northern states

21. More People with more products to sell NEED… Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer Transporation to carry manufactured goods from the North to sell other places!

22. Transportation Because the nation needed good inland roads for travel and for the shipment of goods, private companies built turnpikes or toll roads.

26. PRO More comfortable than horse & buggy Get ALL goods on barges & float direction of current CON Upstream against current – slow going! Then we began to use River Travel

27. The Steamboat(could sail upriver against current) Robert Fulton -developed the first steamboat in 1807; named “Clermont” ***Early steamboats easily blew upbecause there were no regulations on who could run steamboats and the boilers that created steam had no safety valveto stop overheating and slow pressure***

28. Transportation in Texas was very difficult because… • of the state's extraordinary size and sometimes difficult terrain, and • few connecting rivers *** One of the more unusual experiments in US transportation history was the use of camels in southwestern Texas during the mid-1800s.

29. The Railroads Connect America!

30. A railroad is a system of transportation made up of trains, tracks, stations, and other equipment. Railroads could carry large cargo over great distances in a single trip so… • Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer!

31. The “Iron Horse” (1830) 1830  13 miles of RR track in U.S.1850  9000 mi. 1860 31,000 mi.

32. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the N. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the S. RRs. • Chinese labor built the W. RRs.

33. After the Texas Revolution, the government of the Republic of Texas recognized the potential that railroads offered to the huge Texas frontier. • Texas began construction on its first railroad in the 1840s. However little progress was made until shortly after Texas became a state and the U.S. government increased construction. The railroad began offering service using ox-drawn rail cars. The oxen pulled the cars up the grades and then rode back down. Later, when the locomotive did arrive, it earned the nickname "The Bull of the Woods" for its habit of "boldly leaving the rails and charging off into the woods like an enraThe railroad began offering service using ox-drawn rail cars. The oxen pulled the cars up the grades and then rode back down. Later, when the locomotive did arrive, it earned the nickname "The Bull of the Woods" for its habit of "boldly leaving the rails and charging off into the woods like an enraged bull."ged bull."

34. Other Industrial Revolution Inventions that impacted the United States… and of course Texas…

35. Samuel Morse invented the telegraphwhich sent messages via the Morse code. A message could be sent long distances in seconds over wire lines instead of weeks/months overland.

36. John Deereinvented the steel-tipped plow. It cut easily into the dirt to make rows for quicker planting.

37. Cyrus McCormickdesigned a mechanical reaper (harvester). Previously, farmers used hand-held sickles to cut wheat and hay.

38. All of the inventions from the Industrial Revolution were designed to make the… • movement of people, • manufacture of products, • growing of crops to sell… Better…Faster…Cheaper…Safer!