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Mitigation Potential and Value of Addressing Agriculture as a Driver of Deforestation

Mitigation Potential and Value of Addressing Agriculture as a Driver of Deforestation. Sirintornthep Towprayoon Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment and Earth System Science Research Center. King Mongkut's University of Thonburi.

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Mitigation Potential and Value of Addressing Agriculture as a Driver of Deforestation

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  1. Mitigation Potential and Value of Addressing Agriculture as a Driver of Deforestation SirintornthepTowprayoon Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment and Earth System Science Research Center. King Mongkut's University of Thonburi Presentation in the workshop of Building REDD-plus Policy Capacity for Developing Country Negotiators and Land Managers 18-20 May 2011 Hanoi Veitnam

  2. Outline • Agriculture as the driverof deforestation • Are agricultural mitigation options drivers of deforestation? • Values and costs of agricultural mitigation • Agricultural mitigation as the complement to deforestation

  3. Change of agricultural land from 1961–2002 Developing countries Developed countries World Type of area change (Mha) Source : Data derived from FAO and AR4

  4. Annual change in forest by region, 1990–2010 Change of agricultural land from 1961–2002 FRA 2010 IPCC AR4

  5. Driver to deforestation Agriculture Technology Crop price Soil degradation Deforestation Population growth Poverty Culture Forest fire Are agricultural mitigation options driver to deforestation?

  6. Mitigation technologies in the agricultural sector • Direct mitigation : Emission Reduction • Indirect mitigation : Avoid CO2 emission • Livestock management • Improve feedings practice, dietary additive • Manure management • Improve storage and handling, AD, efficient use of nutrient source

  7. Mitigation technologies in the agricultural sector (cont) • Cropland management • Nutrient management • Tillage/residue management • Water management • Rice management • Agroforestry • Restoration of degraded land • Organic amendment • Nutrient amendment

  8. Mitigation technologies in the agricultural sector (cont) • Biofuel/bioenergy • Biochar • Energy crop : • Sugarcane to bioethanol, • Oil palm to biodiesel

  9. Examples of mitigation technology • Cropland: nutrient management Source: Pongthep and Amnat 2010

  10. Examples of mitigation technology • Cropland: rice field • Water management 30–40% reduction • SRI (system rice intensification) approx 37% reduction • AWDI (alternative wet /dry irrigation) approx 70% reduction • Inhibitor 20–60% reduction Source : Tassanee and Sirintornthep 2010

  11. Values and cost of agricultural mitigation IPCC AR4 WGIII SPM

  12. Abatement cost in rice field: Case of Thailand $10–60 per tonne of CO2e 1 water drainage 2 shift fertilizer 3 combination of 1 and 2 3 3 2 2 1 1

  13. Marginal abatement cost curves for 3rd Baseline technology: continuous flooding , Mixed FYM/urea: straw burning 10-60 US$ /tCe Wassman et al 2007

  14. Abatement cost curve in agriculture sector of Indonesia

  15. Value /Co-benefit • Sustainable agriculture • Culture and way of life • Income • Environmental benefit

  16. Agricultural mitigation as the complement to deforestation Food and fuel crop competition -Full utilization of cropland – crop rotation -Improve crop yield Limited land expansion Crop price deforestation Poverty alleviation

  17. Crop rotation as the alternative systems for sustainable agriculture Rice-crop-rice

  18. RI plot RS plot wet sowing 25 DAS 22 DAT 37 DAT 40 DAS 115 DAS 60 DAT 90 DAT 115 DAT, harvest 130 DAS 140 DAS, harvest 105 DAT

  19. Yield from food and fuel rotation crop • Agricultural area of Thailand 130.34 M Rai • Area of rain-fed rice field (2010) 57.50 M rairice yield  23.25 M tonnes • Area of irrigated rice field (2010) 15.22 M rai rice yield 8.86 M tonnes • Sweet sorghum • Cultivation time 90-100 days • Yield 5-7 tonnes per Rai • Syrup from stem 2500-3500 litre per rai • Bioethanol 350-420 litre per Rai

  20. Yield improvement Source: Stephen A. Goff and John M. Salmeron, 2004.

  21. Direction of GMO research and biotechnology

  22. Highest potential using genetic research Potential of genetic study in Thailand Current yield Potential of genetic improvement of energy crops Yield (ton per rai) Management and technology Plant breeding/plant development Sugarcane Cassava Oil Palm

  23. Investment cost of ethanol production(USD/L) EU-25 (Beetroot) EU-25 (Wheat) USA (corn) India (Molasses) Thailand ( Sugarcane) Australia (Molasses) Brazil (Sugarcane) SOurce: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops :2007

  24. Food Fuel and Forest Policies and incentives Food and fuel crop competition -Full utilization of cropland—crop rotation -Improve crop yield Limited land expansion Crop price deforestation Poverty alleviation

  25. Messages • Sustainable agriculture and agricultural mitigation can be complementary to deforestation • Full utilization of cropland with co-benefits for farmers • Food security can not be addressed without yield improvement. • Policies and incentives are key issue to ensure sustainable agriculture towards negative drivers of deforestation

  26. Acknowledgement • Thailand Research Fund and Energy and Policy Planning Office for Data from Energy Policy Project Phase II • Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization

  27. Thank you for your attention www.jgsee.kmutt.ac.th

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