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Julia Häuberer Workshop on Harmonisation of Social Survey Data for Cross-National Comparison,

Do We Need New Social Capital Indicators in Cross National Surveys? The Potential of "Old" and "New" SC Indicators. Julia Häuberer Workshop on Harmonisation of Social Survey Data for Cross-National Comparison, Prague, October 19, 2010. Outline. Social Capital Theory

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Julia Häuberer Workshop on Harmonisation of Social Survey Data for Cross-National Comparison,

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  1. Do We Need New Social Capital Indicators in Cross National Surveys?The Potential of "Old" and "New" SC Indicators. Julia Häuberer Workshop on Harmonisation of Social Survey Data for Cross-National Comparison, Prague, October 19, 2010

  2. Outline • Social Capital Theory • Commonly Used Measures and Their Problems • Measures of Structural Entities of SC and Their Potentials

  3. 1) Social Capital Theory • (1) Civic perspective (Putnam) vs. (2) Network Perspective (Lin) (1) relations between individuals networks of civic engagement, norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness (2) structurally embedded resources in networks are social capital

  4. Vizualization of Putnams Concept Networks of Civic Engagement + + Norms of Reciprocity + Generalized Trust

  5. 2) Commonly Used Measures and Their Problems International surveys mainly research on Civic perspective • Problem at individual level: • non-covariation of associational activity and norms of reciprocity • mixed results regarding the relation between networks of civic engagement and social trust  Concept correct? Can we combine cultural and structural aspects of SC?

  6. Solution: Conceptualizing SC as Structural Entity Only Network, formal/informal Resources for expressive action - - Network Size Range Openness/ Structural Holes Closure/Density - + + + Resources for instrumental action + - Access to Social Capital Accessed Social Capital cf. Häuberer, J. 2011. Social Capital Theory. Towards a Methodological Foundation. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

  7. 3) Measures of Structural Entities of SC and Their Potentials • Name Generator (Burt) • Position Generator (Lin) • Resource Generator (Van der Gaag, Snijders) • Social Relationships among Czech Citizens • Eurobarometer 62.2

  8. Czech Republic • Survey: Social Relationships among Czech Citizens (2007/8) • Telephone survey, CATI, Quota sample • Test-retest study • Test: 400 respondents (November 2007) • Retest: 129 respondents (June 2008)

  9. Resource Generator How many of your (1) family members, (2) friends, (3) acquaintances will provide a specific resource? • Resources forexpressive action • Personal Support Social Capital • Resources for instrumental action • Financial Skills • Prestige Related SC.

  10. Reliability I – Pearson Correlations

  11. 1 ε1 repairs 1 shop for ε2 1 you 1 contact to ε3 doctor Personal advice 1 Support ε4 personal problems - time 1- 1 temp. put ε5 you up advice 1 ε6 legal problems 1 help find ε7 a job 1 ε8 repairs 1 shop for ε9 1 you 1 contact to ε10 doctor Personal advice 1 Support ε11 personal problems - time 2 - 1 temp. put ε 12 you up advice 1 ε13 legal problems 1 help find ε14 a job Personal Support Social Capital Reliability IICFA Family: .97 Friends: .88

  12. Validity I – Criterion Validity

  13. e1 repairs contact to .60** e2 doctor .74** shop for e3 .78** you Personal advice .60** e4 personal Support problems .61** temp. put e5 you up .62** .56** advice e6 legal problems .71** help find e7 .45** a job .62** knows e8 Political/ Financial Skills financials .31* works in e9 town hall .72** can employ .80** e10 people Prestige related SC .50** appears in e11 media .55** earns more e12 than 100.000 CZK/month Validity II -Construct Validity N = 129; **p<0.01, *p<0.05 chi2 = 74.757; df = 51; p = 0.017; GFI = 0.915; AGFI = 0.870; RMR = 0.031 RMSEA = 0.060  same as Van der Gaag and Snijder‘s study reveals

  14. International Comparison Eurobarometer 62.2 (2004) In the following situations would you be able to rely on friends, work colleagues, neighbours or acquaintances to receive help or support? Help with houshold tasks/ occasional care for household members/ personal care / help with paperwork/ discuss personal problems / borrow money, valuable goods/ help when harassed or assaulted

  15. Frequencies – Accessed Resources (Percent) Source: Eurobarometer 62.2

  16. First Results – Influencing Factors on Accessed Resources Source: Eurobarometer 62.2

  17. Conclusions • RG applicable in different cultural settings • seems reliable, valid • empricial results support theoretical SC concept Shouldn’t we think of including the Resource Generator as standard item battery into international surveys?

  18. Thank you for your attention! julia.hauberer@soc.cas.cz

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