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T-Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation

T-Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation. T-Cell Maturation and the Thymus Thymic Selection of the T-Cell Repertoire TH-Cell Activation T-Cell Differentiation Cell Death and T-Cell Populations. 1.T-Cell Maturation and the Thymus.

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T-Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation

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  1. T-Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation

  2. T-Cell Maturation and the Thymus Thymic Selection of the T-Cell Repertoire TH-Cell Activation T-Cell Differentiation Cell Death and T-Cell Populations

  3. 1.T-Cell Maturation and the Thymus Development of T cells in the mouse. T-cell precursors arrive at the thymus from bone marrow via the bloodstream, undergo development to mature T cells, and are exported to the periphery where they can undergo antigen-induced activation and differentiation into effector cells and memory cells. Each stage of development is characterized by stage-specific intracellular events and the display of distinctive cell-surface markers.

  4. 2.Thymic Selection of the T-Cell Repertoire Positive selection for thymocytes bearing receptors capable of binding self-MHC molecules, which results in MHC restriction. Cells that fail positive selection are eliminated within the thymus by apoptosis. Negative selection that eliminates thymocytes bearing high-affinity receptors for self-MHC molecules alone or self-antigen presented by self-MHC, which results in self-tolerance.

  5. Only strain-B target cells were lysed, suggesting that the H-2b grafted thymus had selected for maturation only those T cells that could recognize antigen combined with H-2b MHC molecules.

  6. 1) Positive Selection Ensures MHC Restriction 2) Negative Selection Ensures Self-Tolerance

  7. 3.TH-Cell Activation DAG = diacylglycerol;甘油二酯 GADS = Grb2-like adaptor downstream of Shc; GEF = guanine nucleotide exchange factor;鸟嘌呤核苷酸互换因子 ITAM = immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif;基序 Itk = inducible T cell kinase;激酶 IP3 = inositol肌醇1,4,5 triphosphate;三磷酸盐 LAT = linker of activated T cells; PIP2 = phosphoinositol biphosphage;磷酸肌醇磷酸氢盐 PLC = phospholipase磷脂酶C gamma; Lck =lymphocyte kinase; SLP-67 = SH2-containing leukocyte-specific protein of 76 kDa; ZAP-70 = zeta associated protein of 70 kDa.)

  8. Experimental demonstration of clonal anergy versus clonal expansion.

  9. 4.T-Cell Differentiation Activation of a TH cell by both signal 1 and costimulatory signal 2 up-regulates expression of IL-2 and the high affinity IL-2 receptor, leading to the entry of the T cell into the cell cycle and several rounds of proliferation. Some of the cells differentiate into effector cells, others into memory cells.

  10. 5.Cell Death and T-Cell Populations

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