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Gateway. Biology Content Review A daptation. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Natural Selection Idea first stated by Charles Darwin “Survival of the fittest ”

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  1. Gateway Biology Content Review Adaptation

  2. Adaptation and Natural Selection • Natural Selection • Idea first stated by Charles Darwin • “Survival of the fittest” • Organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to live long enough to produce offspring and pass their traits on to the next generation. • In terms of evolution and natural selection, the number one goal of any organism is to pass its genes on to the next generation through the production of offspring.

  3. Adaptation and Natural Selection • Selective Breeding • Organisms with desired traits are chosen to mate so that their offspring also possess desired traits. • Examples: Pedigree dogs and cats

  4. Adaptation and Natural Selection • Adaptation • Characteristic of an organism that helps it to better survive in a given environment. • Types of adaptation: • Structural: characteristics of an organism’s anatomy. (wings on a bird) • Physiological: characteristics relating to internal body processes. (antibiotic resistance) • Behavioral: how an organism acts and responds to its environment (bird migration)

  5. Some Ways Prey Species Avoid Their Predators

  6. Adaptation and Natural Selection • List three additional examples of adaptations and state the type of adaptation: • Webbed feet of a duck (structural) • “Ink” from an squid (physiological/behavioral) • Gills on a fish (structural/physiological)

  7. Adaptation and Natural Selection • Evolution • Change in groups of organisms over a long period of time

  8. How do species evolove? speciation: members of similar populations no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring. • Barriers to prevent interbreeding • a. geographic isolation (can’t access each other) • b. reproductive (temporal) isolation (mating time off) • c. behavioral isolation

  9. Adaptation and Natural Selection • Evolution • Evidence for evolutionary changes • Fossils (The deeper the fossil, the older it is) • Comparative anatomy and the study of homologous structures (Example: human arm, dolphin fin, bat wing, dog foreleg)

  10. Comparative Biochemistry (The fewer the differences in DNA, the closer the organisms are related) • Comparative Embryology (Example: all vertebrates have gill slits, tail, and notochord in early development) • Direct evidence (Example: bacteria can quickly become resistant to antibiotics)

  11. Practice: • Classify the following adaptations as behavioral, structural, or physiological. Discuss the reason(s) for your choices. • Bees build a hive- behavioral • Young ducklings follow their mother- behavioral • A woodpecker’s beak is pointed and sharp- structural • Flat shape of a leaf- structural

  12. Natural Selection • Natural Selection • Idea first stated by __Charles Darwin_______ • “Survival of the __fittest______” • Organisms that are best ___suited_____to their environment are more likely to live long enough to produce offspring and pass their traits on to the next generation.

  13. Evolution • Change in groups of organisms over a long period of time • Evidence for evolutionary changes • Fossils (The deeper the fossil, the _older__ it is) • Comparative anatomy and the study of _homologous___ structures (Example: human arm, dolphin fin, bat wing, dog foreleg) • Comparative _biochemistry__ (The fewer the differences in DNA, the closer the organisms are related) • Comparative __embryology__ (Example: all vertebrates have gill slits, tail, and notochord in early development) • __direct___ evidence (Example: bacteria can quickly become resistant to antibiotics)

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