Warm-Up November 11, 2013

1. Today is Veterans Day. What was the original name for this remembrance? • Which President first proclaimed the holiday? • Who did the day originally honor? • When was the name changed to “Veterans Day?” Warm-UpNovember 11, 2013

2. Student Expectation • Evaluate the economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment, including sustainable development and renewable/non-renewable resources.

3. Key Terms • Biodiversity – the variety of plants and animals living in one area, or a great variety of all living things. • Carbon-oxygen cycle – the process by which carbon and oxygen cycles among plants, people and animals, and the environment. • Deforestation – removing or clearing away the trees from a forest. • Sustainabledevelopment– finding ways to use resources without using them up • Tropical rainforest – a broadleaf evergreen forest found in wet and hot regions near the equator.

4. The Geographic Setting • The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, covering more than 3 – 3.2 million square miles (the US is 3.7 million square miles). • Covers some 40% of the South American continent and includes parts of eight South American countries • Nearly 2/3 of the Amazon rainforest lies in Brazil.

5. A Many-Layered Ecosystem • A rainforest is a complex ecosystem that has several layers. • The tallest trees are the emergent layer. Sunlight is plentiful up here. Animals found are eagles, monkeys, bats and butterflies. • The primary layer of the rainforest is the thick layer consisting of overlapping tree branches known as the canopy. Many animals live in this area since food is abundant. Those animals include: snakes, toucans and treefrogs. • Between the forest floor and the canopy are shrubs and smaller trees that form a layer known as the understory layer. Many animals live here including jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs and leopards. There is a large concentration of insects here. • The bottom, or ground, layer is called the forest floor.

6. Land Use Conflict • For thousands of years, small groups of indigenous peoples have made their home here, making a living by hunting and gathering. • The indigenous peoples wanted to maintain their traditional way of life. • The European colonization brought rubber tappers, farmers, cattle ranchers, and loggers. • They wanted to establish homes and make a living. • Clearing the land for farming and ranching resulted in deforestation. • These differences led to land use conflict, or arguments about the best ways to use the land.

7. The Lungs of the Earth • The nickname “lungs of the Earth” comes from the key role that rainforests play in Earth’s carbon-oxygen cycle. • The carbon-oxygen cycle consists of a series of events that turn a gas called carbon dioxide, into oxygen are “cycled among the living things that need them to survive. • Scientists believe that the Amazon rainforest alone creates about one quarter of Earth’s oxygen.

8. Ideas for Reducing Land Use Conflict • Many groups have their own ideas for how best to use or preserve the resources of the Amazon rainforest. Some are looking at ways to balance preservation and development. In this way, they hope to meet the needs of people while also reducing harm to the rainforest.

9. Ideas for Reducing Land Use Conflict • Ecotourism offers many benefits like creating tourist industry jobs and brings money into the economy. It gives people a reason to preserve the places that Eco tourists come to experience • Sustainabledevelopment means finding ways to use the rainforest without destroying it. • One way is by growing crops that don’t require large areas of land to be cleared. example – shade-grown coffee • Another example is strip logging, where loggers clear long, narrow strips of forest.

10. Write one paragraph for each question: • Do you agree with the way the people of Brazil are trying to develop renewable ways to sustain the rainforest? Why do you feel this way? • What would you have suggested to settle the land use conflict?