Opening Activity

1. Opening Activity • Do you think the following Scripture passage is fine the way it is, or would you like to change it to say something else? • For we hold that a man is justified by faith apart from works of law. ~Romans 3:28 • If you think you’d like to change it, then explain… • Why you think it’s okay to change the passage • What changes you made • Why you made the changes you did • If you think you don’t need to change it • Explain why you believe it’s not okay to change the passage

2. Who Founded Your Church? And When Was Your Church Founded?

3. St. James United Church of Christ Group: United Church of Christ Founder: Various Year: 1957 AD

4. Hamburg Assembly of God • Group: Pentecostal • Founders: Charles Parham, William Seymour • Date Founded: 1900 AD

5. Wesleyan Church of Hamburg Group: Wesleyan Founder: John & Charles Wesley, Orange Scott Year: 1843 AD

6. First Baptist Church of Hamburg Group: Baptist Founder: John Smyth Year: 1605

7. Hamburg Presbyterian Church Group: Presbyterian Founder: John Knox, John Calvin Year: 1560 AD

8. Trinity Episcopal Church Group: Episcopal/ Anglican Founder: Samuel Seabury, Henry VIII Year: 1534 AD

9. All Saints Lutheran Church Group: Lutherans Founder: Martin Luther Year: 1517 AD

10. SS Peter & Paul Church Group: Catholic Church Founder: Jesus Christ Year: 33 AD

11. The Protestant Uprising Reformation or Revolution?

12. Protestant Reformation…OR Revolution? • Reformation: • To reform something from within, to make it better • Revolution: • To destroy & replace the old with something new & completely different • Martin Luther is the man who started Protestantism, but what did he advocate? Reformation or Revolution?

13. What Luther Actually Said… “I have cast the die; I now despise the rage of the [Catholic Church] as much as I do their favor. I will not reconcile myself to them for all eternity, nor have anything to do with them. Let them condemn & burn all that belongs to me. In return, I also will do as much for them; otherwise I could not kindle the fire that is to condemn & burn, before the eyes of the worlds, the whole Papal system” (Letter to his friend Spalatian, 1520) “If I succeed in doing away with the Mass, then I shall believe I have completely conquered the Pope. If the sacrilegious & cursed custom of the Mass is overthrown, then the whole must fall” (Letter to Henry VIII, 1522) Luther was advocating revolution, not reform!

14. The 3 Figures that Caused the Protestant Revolt • Martin Luther • The Catalyst • John Calvin • The Organizer • Henry VIII • The Disobedient

15. Luther’s Revolutionary Plan Luther’s Teaching Catholic Church’s Teaching • Sola scriptura • “Scripture alone,” the idea that the only authoritative source of divine revelation is Scripture • Sola fide: • “Faith alone,” the idea that one is saved/justified solely through faith • Baptism & Eucharist are the only sacraments • Denied that humans have free will Scripture and Tradition Faith & Good Works Christ instituted 7 sacraments God gave us the gift of free will

16. John Calvin’s Organization of the Revolution • John Calvin organized the Protestant Revolt by producing a… • Church • Creed (Institutes of the Christian Religion) • Disciplined way of life • University to promote his ideas • John Calvin established the first Christian theocracy (civil & church government were one) in Geneva where he outlawed… • Dancing, singing, jewelry • Makeup, theatrical plays • Naming children after anyone but biblical figures

17. Henry VIII’s Disobedience • Henry VIII, king of England, wanted an annulment for his marriage with Catherine of Aragon so he could marry his mistress, Anne Boleyn • When Pope Clement VII didn’t grant the annulment, Henry declared himself the head of the Church in England • Henry forced all the citizens of England to take the Oath of Succession or face death/punishment • Many Catholics were martyred as a result of Henry’s disobedience

18. The Catholic Reformation The Church’s Response to the Protestant Revolt

19. What the Church Reformed • The Church sought to undertake reform through the three “D’s” • Doctrine: promulgated a universal catechism • Discipline: eliminated immoral behavior among the leaders & priests • Devotion: revised the celebration of the liturgy • These reforms were implemented in the Church through: • Council of Trent • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Actions & Lives of Holy Saints

20. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) • 19th Ecumenical Council called for 2 purposes: • Define authentic Catholic doctrine • Reform the life of the Church • It met in 3 different sessions over the course of 18 years & produced 16 dogmatic decrees

21. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) • The Council reaffirmed several Catholic teachings attacked by Luther & Calvin: • We know the truths of the faith not through sola scriptura, but through both… • Sacred Scripture, composed of 73 books (46 OT+ 27 NT) • Sacred Tradition—teachings of the apostles passed to each generation of Christians • Christ instituted a hierarchical structure of the Church (i.e., bishops, priests, laity) • We are saved not by sola fide, but through both… • Faith in Jesus Christ • Our good works

22. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) • The bishops also recognized their own failings & sins and expressed repentance for them • One of the reforms required bishops to establish seminaries in their diocese to instruct & form priests • Trent also called for the revision of the Roman Missal & promulgated a universal catechism to help instruct the faithful

23. The Council of Trent (1545-1563)

24. Implementing Trent • Pope Pius V (1556-1572, the father of the Catholic Reformation, implemented the decrees of Trent by… • Promulgated a universal catechism in 1566 • Reformed the Roman Missal in 1570

25. The Society of Jesus (i.e., the Jesuits) • Pius V was helped by the religious order of the Jesuits • The Jesuits were sent throughout the world to combat the Protestant heresy • They created a successful education system by establishing colleges & universities throughout Europe

26. Heroic Saints • Many saints also helped reform the Church • Mystic Saints • Activist Saints • Mystic Saints reformed the Church’s spiritual prayer life • St. Theresa of Avila (1515-1582) • St. John of the Cross (1542-1591) • Activist Saints reformed the Church’s hierarchical structure & promoted Trent’s teachings • St. Charles Borromeo (1538-1584) • St. Philip Nieri (1515-1595) • St. Francis de Sales (1567-1622)