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Drosophila flies without short-term memory display a normal long-term memory

Drosophila flies without short-term memory display a normal long-term memory. ---------> STM. parallel model :. LRN. ---------> LTM. STM: forms right after learning, based on transient events lasting from a few minutes to a few hours.

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Drosophila flies without short-term memory display a normal long-term memory

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  1. Drosophila flies without short-term memory display a normal long-term memory

  2. ---------> STM parallel model : LRN ---------> LTM STM: forms right after learning, based on transient events lasting from a few minutes to a few hours LTM: forms later with de novo protein synthesis lasting from several hours to days sequential model : LRN ---------> STM ---------> LTM Is it possible to get LTM without STM?

  3. Davis Annu.Rev.Neurosci. 2005

  4. score (CS-) - (CS+) (CS-) + (CS+) l l 1 + 2 Performance Index : 2 (CS+) : OCT (CS-) : MCH Aversive olfactory conditioning Tully and Quinn, 1985

  5. Long term memory is induced after spaced training Tully et al., Cell 1994

  6. Long term memory requires de novo protein synthesis ***

  7. Les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires From Waddel and Quinn, 2001

  8. The induction of LTM requires a different training protocol from the one used to induce STM. These two different training protocol may induce different physiological state of the relevant neurons which may in turn complicate the interpretation of LTM being or not sequential after STM. It was recently shown that appetitive olfactory LTM is generated after a single session of training.

  9. Appetitive olfactory conditioning Colomb et al., Genes, Brain and Behavior 2009

  10. A single appetitive training session forms STM and LTM Krashes and Waddell J Neurosci 2008

  11. A single appetitive training session forms STM and LTM LTM STM

  12. Parallel processing of appetitive short-term and long-term memories in Drosophila Trannoy et al., Curr. Bio. 2011

  13. Strategies for Suppressing Synaptic Transmission Adapted from White et al., Curr.Bio.2001

  14. MB247-GAL80 GAL80 is a GAL4 repressor (protein-protein interaction) elav-GAL4 UAS-m-GFP; +/+ elav-GAL4 UAS-m-GFP; MB-GAL80/+ FAS II GFP Elodie Reynaud, unpublished

  15. MB  neuron output is required for appetitive STM retrieval but not for LTM retrieval

  16. MB  neuron output is required for appetitive STM retrieval but not for LTM retrieval

  17. MB  neuron output is required for appetitive LTM retrieval but not for STM retrieval

  18. Information transfert from  to  neurons? Blocking  neuron output during training and consolidation does not affect STM nor LTM formation

  19. Constitutively blocking  neuron synaptic transmission impairs STM but not LTM Conclusion: LTM formation is independent of STM and does not require synaptic communication between andneurons *

  20. Aversive olfactory conditioning RUT adenylyl cyclase is proposed to function as a coincidence detector integrating both the olfactory and the electric shock /sugar reward information Waddel and Quinn, 2001

  21. RUT adenylyl cyclase is recruited in  (but not in ) neurons for normal appetitive STM

  22. RUT adenylyl cyclase is recruited in  (but not in ) neurons for normal appetitive LTM

  23. Our data suggest that appetitive STM and LTM are processed independently in  and neurons, respectively. Accordingly, immediate appetitive memory processing should involve only  neurons

  24. Immediate appetitive memory processing involves  but not  neurons

  25. RUT adenylyl cyclase is recruited in  (but not in ) neurons for normal immediate appetitive memory

  26. ---------> STM parallel model : LRN ---------> LTM sequential model : LRN ---------> STM ---------> LTM Is it possible to get LTM without STM?

  27. YES!! - immediate memory in  neurons - no information transfert from  to  neurons - STM and LTM are formed independently of each other

  28. Appetitive memory parallel model: wt situation  neurons LRN ---------> STM  neurons LRN ---------> LTM parallel model: blocking   neurons LRN ---------> STM  neurons LRN ---------> LTM

  29. Appetitive memory parallel model: wt situation  neurons LRN ---------> STM  neurons LRN ---------> LTM parallel model: blocking   neurons LRN ---------> STM neurons LRN ---------> LTM Unique opportunity to analyze biochemical and cellular processes specifically associated with STM and LTM

  30. From olfactory memory paradigm Zars et al., Science 2000 McGuire et al., Science 2003 Pascual and Préat, Science 2001 g and ab required for STM a but not brequired for LTM LTM a a’ STM + LTM b both are required for short term memory b’ g STM

  31. Trannoy et al., Current Biology 2011

  32. Trannoy et al., Current Biology 2011

  33. Trannoy et al., Current Biology 2011

  34. Trannoy et al., Current Biology 2011

  35. Trannoy et al., Current Biology 2011

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